The present research reports the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) sheet/flake-like nanostructures of crystalline carbon modified TiO₂ (CT), B-TiO₂ (B-CT), and S-TiO₂ (S-CT) using a facile one-pot synthesis method. The crystallinity and phase purity (anatase) of the prepared nano-photocatalyst were characterised using X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. Furthermore, the morphological details and elemental content of the sample were studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Additionally, the optoelectronic features of all of the prepared specimens were measured via UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL), impedance and Mott–Schottky studies. After successful characterisation, their photocatalytic performance was tested towards dinitrogen photo-fixation and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation under visible light illumination. Moreover, the effective charge separation and greater availability of the active surface area led to the robust photocatalytic activity of the fabricated B-CT compared to the CT and S-CT samples, which correlates well with the PL, impedance and surface area analysis. B-CT displays the highest photocatalytic activity, i.e. 32.38 μmol L⁻¹ (conversion efficiency = 0.076%) of ammonia production, and 95% tetracycline hydrochloride (10 ppm) degradation. Here, we have effectively designed a novel and productive pathway towards the enhancement of the photocatalytic performance of visible photon active TiO₂-based materials for energy and environmental sustainability.

中文翻译：

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通过硼和硫掺杂的碳改性锐钛矿 TiO2 进行带隙工程：用于光固定 N2 和 TCH 降解的可见光激发光催化剂

_{本研究报告了使用结晶碳改性的 TiO 2} (CT)、B-TiO ₂ (B-CT) 和 S-TiO ₂ (S-CT)的二维 (2D) 片/片状纳米结构的合成。一种简便的一锅法合成方法。使用 X 射线衍射、选区电子衍射 (SAED) 和高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HRTEM) 分析对制备的纳米光催化剂的结晶度和相纯度 (锐钛矿) 进行了表征。此外，通过以下方式研究了样品的形态细节和元素含量扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 以及 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)。此外，所有制备的样品的光电特性均通过以下方式测量：紫外可见漫反射光谱 (DRS)、光致发光 (PL)、阻抗和莫特-肖特基研究。成功表征后，在可见光照射下测试了它们的光催化性能对二氮光固定和盐酸四环素 (TCH) 降解。此外，与 CT 和 S-CT 样品相比，有效的电荷分离和活性表面积的更大可用性导致制造的 B-CT 具有强大的光催化活性，这与 PL、阻抗和表面积分析密切相关。B-CT显示出最高的光催化活性，即32.38 μmol L ^-1（转化效率=0.076%）氨的产生，95%的盐酸四环素（10 ppm）降解。在这里，我们有效地设计了一种新颖且富有成效的途径，以增强可见光子活性 TiO ₂基材料的光催化性能，以实现能源和环境的可持续性。