Evidence is mounting that the gut-brain axis plays an important role in mental diseases fueling mechanistic investigations to provide a basis for future targeted interventions. However, shotgun metagenomic data from treatment-naïve patients are scarce hampering comprehensive analyses of the complex interaction between the gut microbiota and the brain. Here we explore the fecal microbiome based on 90 medication-free schizophrenia patients and 81 controls and identify a microbial species classifier distinguishing patients from controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.896, and replicate the microbiome-based disease classifier in 45 patients and 45 controls (AUC = 0.765). Functional potentials associated with schizophrenia include differences in short-chain fatty acids synthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and synthesis/degradation of neurotransmitters. Transplantation of a schizophrenia-enriched bacterium, Streptococcus vestibularis, appear to induces deficits in social behaviors, and alters neurotransmitter levels in peripheral tissues in recipient mice. Our findings provide new leads for further investigations in cohort studies and animal models.

越来越多的证据表明，肠脑轴在精神疾病中起着重要的作用，助长了机械学研究，为将来的有针对性的干预措施提供了基础。然而，来自未接受过治疗的患者的shot弹枪宏基因组学数据很少会妨碍对肠道菌群与大脑之间复杂相互作用的综合分析。在这里，我们基于90名无药物治疗的精神分裂症患者和81名对照者探索粪便微生物组，并确定了一个微生物种类分类器，将患者与对照区分开，其接收者操作特征曲线（AUC）为0.896，并复制了基于微生物组的疾病分类器在45位患者和45位对照组中（AUC = 0.765）。与精神分裂症相关的功能潜能包括短链脂肪酸合成，色氨酸代谢，和神经递质的合成/降解。富含精神分裂症的细菌的移植，前庭链球菌似乎诱发社交行为缺陷，并改变受体小鼠外周组织中的神经递质水平。我们的发现为队列研究和动物模型的进一步研究提供了新的线索。