Abstract—Aquaporins are transmembrane proteins. Their main function in the nervous system is water transport. Furthermore, some of them are capable of transporting glycerol, urea, and certain gases; they also take part in glial scar formation, astrocyte migration, and neurotransmission. Some data suggest that aquaporins are involved in the pathogenesis of brain edema and tumors, autoimmune processes, and paroxysmal conditions. In neuromyelitis optica, an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a target for specific antibodies (AQP4-IgG). On this basis, aquaporins are considered therapeutic targets. The following review summarizes the existing data on their structure, normal functions, and role in the development of neurological diseases.

中文翻译：

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在正常和病理条件下水通道蛋白在神经系统中的功能作用

摘要—水通道蛋白是跨膜蛋白。它们在神经系统中的主要功能是水运输。此外，其中一些能够运输甘油，尿素和某些气体。它们还参与胶质瘢痕形成，星形胶质细胞迁移和神经传递。一些数据表明水通道蛋白与脑水肿和肿瘤，自身免疫过程和阵发性疾病的发病机理有关。在视神经脊髓炎（一种中枢神经系统的自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病）中，水通道蛋白4（AQP4）是特异性抗体（AQP4-IgG）的靶标。在此基础上，水通道蛋白被认为是治疗靶标。以下评论总结了有关其结构，正常功能以及在神经系统疾病发展中的作用的现有数据。