Abstract

The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles with a size of 43.6 ± 10.7 nm against strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was studied in vitro (the studied concentrations of silver nanoparticles were 0.1; 1; 10; 25, and 50 μg/mL) and in an experimental murine model of chronic tuberculosis. It was shown that silver nanoparticles at a concentration of 50 μg/mL suppress mycobacterial growth in vitro by 2 times. The administration of silver nanoparticles via inhalation at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg to tuberculosis-infected mice resulted in a twofold decrease in the colonization of the lungs and spleens by M. tuberculosis. In these animals, the quantity of protein in the broncho-pulmonary lavage fluid was reduced by two times, to 1908.5 ± 105.7 (P < 0.001), which indicates a decrease in the inflammatory processes in the lungs. The level of the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils increased, reflecting their bactericidal potential, which was reduced by 2.7 times before treatment as compared to the control group of animals (P < 0.001). After the introduction of silver nanoparticles, a recovery in the ratio of lymphocyte populations in the spleen and cytokine balance was observed. It was expressed by a decrease in the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-4 in the blood serum and broncho-pulmonary lavage fluid in TB mice. Thus, it was shown for the first time that the inhalation of silver nanoparticles stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone led not only to a noticeable bactericidal effect but also recovered the balance of the immune system of mice.

中文翻译：

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银纳米颗粒对小鼠实验性肺结核模型的抗菌和免疫调节活性

摘要

体外研究了大小为43.6±10.7 nm的银纳米颗粒对结核分枝杆菌H37Rv的抗菌活性（研究的银纳米颗粒浓度为0.1、1、10、25和50μg/ mL），并在实验鼠中进行了研究。慢性肺结核模型。结果表明，浓度为50μg/ mL的银纳米颗粒在体外抑制分枝杆菌生长2倍。银纳米颗粒的通过吸入剂量0.1毫克/千克到结核感染的小鼠的给药导致由肺和脾的定居的双重降低结核分枝杆菌。在这些动物中，支气管肺灌洗液中的蛋白质量减少了两倍，降至1908.5±105.7（P<0.001），这表明肺部炎症过程减少。中性粒细胞产生活性氧的水平增加，反映出它们的杀菌潜力，与对照组动物相比，治疗前降低了2.7倍（P <0.001）。引入银纳米颗粒后，观察到脾脏和细胞因子平衡中淋巴细胞群比例的恢复。它通过TB小鼠血清和支气管肺灌洗液中IFN-γ，TNF-α和IL-4含量的降低来表达。因此，首次显示了用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮稳定的银纳米颗粒的吸入不仅导致明显的杀菌作用，而且还恢复了小鼠免疫系统的平衡。