The Global Human Settlement Population Grid (GHS-POP) the latest released global gridded population dataset based on remotely sensed data and developed by the EU Joint Research Centre, depicts the distribution and density of the total population as the number of people per grid cell. This study aims to assess the GHS-POP data accuracy based on root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the correlation coefficient. The study was conducted for Poland and Portugal, countries characterized by different population distribution as well as two spatial resolutions of 250 m and 1 km on the GHS-POP. The main findings show that as the size of administrative zones decreases (from NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) to LAU (local administrative unit)) and the size of the GHS-POP increases, the difference between the population counts reported by the European Statistical Office and estimated by the GHS-POP algorithm becomes larger. At the national level, MAPE ranges from 1.8% to 4.5% for the 250 m and 1 km resolutions of GHS-POP data in Portugal and 1.5% to 1.6%, respectively in Poland. At the local level, however, the error rates range from 4.5% to 5.8% in Poland, for 250 m and 1 km, and 5.7% to 11.6% in Portugal, respectively. Moreover, the results show that for densely populated regions the GHS-POP underestimates the population number, while for thinly populated regions it overestimates. The conclusions of this study are expected to serve as a quality reference for potential users and producers of population density datasets.

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GHS-POP准确性评估：波兰和葡萄牙案例研究

全球人类住区人口网格（GHS-POP）是最新发布的全球网格化人口数据集，该数据集基于遥感数据，由欧盟联合研究中心开发，描绘了总人口的分布和密度，即每个网格单元的人数。本研究旨在基于均方根误差（RMSE），平均绝对误差（MAE），平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）和相关系数来评估GHS-POP数据准确性。该研究在波兰和葡萄牙进行，这两个国家的人口分布不同，GHS-POP的两个空间分辨率分别为250 m和1 km。主要研究结果表明，随着行政区规模的减小（从NUTS（统计领土单位的命名法）到LAU（地方行政单位）），GHS-POP的规模增加，人口统计报告的人口数之差欧洲统计局并通过GHS-POP算法估算得出的数据越来越大。在国家一级，葡萄牙的GHS-POP数据的250 m和1 km分辨率的MAPE范围从1.8％至4.5％，波兰的范围为1.5％至1.6％。但是，在地方一级，波兰的误差率范围为4.5％至5.8％，250 m和1 km，葡萄牙的误差率分别为5.7％至11.6％。此外，结果表明，对于人口稠密的地区，GHS-POP低估了人口数量，而对于人口稀疏的地区，GHS-POP却高估了人口数量。