Vaporization often accompanies high-temperature oxidation and corrosion. In this review, vaporization under a vacuum as well as static gas and flowing gas conditions is discussed. The focus is on common protective oxides—Cr 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 . However, the methods and conclusions apply to other oxides as well. Vaporization into a vacuum is an ideal starting point, as the basic mechanisms for vaporization have been derived from these studies. Imposing an overpressure of a static gas changes the vaporization rates from both a thermodynamic and a kinetic aspect. Finally, a flowing gas is the most common situation encountered in high-temperature oxidation and corrosion. Laminar and turbulent flow effects are treated with both analytic expressions for mass transfer and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A vaporizing SiO 2 coupon in a laboratory furnace is examined with both the analytic expressions and the CFD approach.

中文翻译：

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保护性氧化膜蒸发到不同的气体环境中

汽化往往伴随着高温氧化和腐蚀。在这篇综述中，讨论了真空下的汽化以及静态气体和流动气体条件。重点是常见的保护性氧化物——Cr 2 O 3 、SiO 2 和 Al 2 O 3 。然而，这些方法和结论也适用于其他氧化物。汽化成真空是一个理想的起点，因为汽化的基本机制已经从这些研究中推导出来。对静态气体施加超压会从热力学和动力学两个方面改变汽化速率。最后，流动的气体是高温氧化和腐蚀中最常见的情况。层流和湍流效应通过传质和计算流体动力学 (CFD) 的解析表达式进行处理。