Abstract

Over the past decade, numerous studies have attempted to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy and internal radioisotope therapy) for cancer treatment. However, the low radiation absorption coefficient and radiation resistance of tumors remain major critical challenges for radiotherapy in the clinic. With the development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials in combination with radiotherapy offer the possibility to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy in tumors. Nanomaterials act not only as radiosensitizers to enhance radiation energy, but also as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic units in combating radiation resistance. In this review, we discuss opportunities for a synergistic cancer therapy by combining radiotherapy based on nanomaterials designed for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, gas therapy, genetic therapy, and immunotherapy. We highlight how nanomaterials can be utilized to amplify antitumor radiation responses and describe cooperative enhancement interactions among these synergistic therapies. Moreover, the potential challenges and future prospects of radio-based nanomedicine to maximize their synergistic efficiency for cancer treatment are identified.

中文翻译：

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纳米材料用于基于放射治疗的多峰协同癌症治疗

摘要

在过去的十年中，许多研究已尝试增强放射疗法（外部束放射疗法和内部放射性同位素疗法）对癌症治疗的有效性。然而，低放射线吸收系数和肿瘤的放射线抵抗力仍然是临床放射治疗的主要关键挑战。随着纳米医学的发展，纳米材料与放射疗法的结合提供了提高肿瘤放射疗法效率的可能性。纳米材料不仅充当放射增敏剂以增强辐射能，而且充当纳米载体以提供治疗单位来抵抗辐射抗性。在这篇评论中，我们将结合基于纳米材料的放射疗法（用于化学疗法，光动力疗法，光热疗法，气体疗法，基因疗法和免疫疗法。我们重点介绍了如何利用纳米材料来放大抗肿瘤放射反应，并描述这些协同疗法之间的协同增强相互作用。此外，确定了基于无线电的纳米医学以最大程度地发挥其协同治疗癌症的潜在挑战和未来前景。