A series of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) catalysts in dumbbell-brush-type, mesoporous nanosheets and nanorods morphologies were successfully prepared and used as catalysts for toluene oxidation. Tailoring Co₃O₄ morphology not only changed their physico-chemical properties but also remarkably enhanced their catalytic performance, and the formation of oxygen species of different reactivity. Dumbbell-brush-type Co₃O₄ exhibited the best catalytic activity due to abundant surface Co³⁺ species, which contributed to superficial oxygen mobility and the formation of more reactive oxygen species. In situ DRIFTS studies confirmed the presence of key reaction intermediates, such as benzaldehyde, benzoate, carbonate and formate species.

成功制备了一系列呈哑铃刷型，介孔纳米片和纳米棒形态的氧化钴（Co ₃ O ₄）催化剂，并将其用作甲苯氧化的催化剂。量身定制的Co ₃ O ₄形态不仅改变了它们的理化性质，而且显着增强了它们的催化性能，并形成了不同反应性的氧。哑铃刷型Co ₃ O ₄由于具有丰富的表面Co ³⁺而具有最佳的催化活性。物种，这有助于表面的氧迁移和形成更多的活性氧物种。原位DRIFTS研究证实了关键反应中间体的存在，例如苯甲醛，苯甲酸酯，碳酸盐和甲酸盐。