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A comprehensive review on recycling methods for cemented tungsten carbide scraps highlighting the electrochemical techniques
International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105251
Prvan Kumar Katiyar , Navneet Singh Randhawa

The scraped and end-of-life tungsten carbide materials demand innovative recycling methods to recover valuable refractory and strategic metals like tungsten, cobalt, nickel etc. The efficient treatment of this material significantly benefits to economics as compared to its ore. Several methods based on pyrometallurgy or hydrometallurgy or their suitable combination have been explored. These methods encompass several unit operations tested at the laboratory as well as on the pilot scale. Some of the methods also matured into technology on a commercial scale. However, the demonstration at the pilot plant scale is towards the validation of the developed process. Each of the methods tested so far has its own pros and cons. For instance, the combination of pyro-hydrometallurgical process has some advantages over hydrometallurgical processes such as higher efficiency, lower costs, and a few industrial requirements, but it is energy-intensive and requires high capex. Besides, considerable attempts have been put into the development of the electrodissolution processes, recently. Several studies available through reports, research articles, and patents recommend a selective electro-dissolution process, which is flexible enough to recycle different varieties of WC scraps. Various electrolytes based on acidic (H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4, HNO3) and alkaline (NaOH and NH3) media worked well to dissolve the refractory metal. Several additives are often added as supporting agents to obviate the most common constraint in electrodissolution, i.e., passivation of the anode. This review particularly highlights the electrochemical methods for the recycling of WC materials along with other recycling methods in brief.



中文翻译:

硬质合金废料回收方法综述,重点介绍电化学技术

报废的报废碳化钨材料需要创新的回收方法,以回收有价值的难熔和战略金属,例如钨,钴,镍等。与矿石相比,这种材料的有效处理对经济性有明显的好处。已经探索了几种基于火法冶金或湿法冶金的方法或它们的适当组合。这些方法包括在实验室以及中试规模上测试的几种单元操作。一些方法也已经在商业规模上成熟为技术。但是,试点工厂规模的示范是对已开发过程的验证。到目前为止,每种测试方法都有其优缺点。例如,与湿法冶金工艺相比,热解法与湿法冶金工艺的结合具有一些优势,例如更高的效率,更低的成本以及一些工业要求,但是它是能源密集型的并且需要高的资本支出。此外,近来已经在电溶解工艺的开发中进行了相当大的尝试。通过报告,研究文章和专利获得的多项研究建议采用选择性电溶解工艺,该工艺足够灵活以回收不同种类的WC废料。各种基于酸性(H 研究文章和专利建议采用选择性电溶解工艺,该工艺足够灵活以回收不同种类的WC废料。各种基于酸性(H 研究文章和专利建议采用选择性电溶解工艺,该工艺足够灵活以回收不同种类的WC废料。各种基于酸性(H2 SO 4,HCl,H 3 PO 4, HNO 3)和碱性(NaOH和NH 3)介质很好地溶解了难熔金属。通常添加几种添加剂作为支撑剂,以消除电溶解中最常见的限制,即阳极钝化。这篇综述特别着重介绍了用于回收WC材料的电化学方法以及其他回收方法。

更新日期:2020-03-31
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