AIMS Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been associated with risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our objective was to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide (NAM) on the activities, expression and protein content of cholinesterases in a MetS model. MAIN METHODS MetS was induced in male rats administrating 40% fructose to the drinking water for 16 weeks. Additionally, from 5th week onward, the carbohydrate solution was replaced by NAM, at several concentrations for 5 h each morning for the next 12 weeks. In the 15th week, the glucose tolerance test was conducted, and blood pressure was measured. After the treatment period had concluded, the biochemical profile; oxidant stress; proinflammatory markers; and the activity, quantity and expression of cholinesterases were evaluated, and molecular docking analysis was performed. KEY FINDINGS The MetS group showed anthropometric, hemodynamic and biochemical alterations and increased cholinesterase activity, inflammation and stress markers. In the liver, cholinesterase activity and mRNA, free fatty acid, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels were increased, while reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased. NAM partially or totally decreased risk factors for MetS, markers of stress and inflammation, and the activity (serum and liver) and expression (liver) of cholinesterases. Molecular docking analysis showed that NAM has a greater affinity for cholinesterases than acetylcholine (ACh), suggesting NAM as an inhibitor of cholinesterases. SIGNIFICANCE Supplementation with 40% fructose induced MetS, which increased the activity and expression of cholinesterases, oxidative stress and the inflammation. NAM attenuated these MetS-induced alterations and changes in cholinesterases.

中文翻译：

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烟酰胺通过果糖诱导的代谢综合征中的胆碱能系统减少炎症和氧化应激。

AIMS乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和丁酰胆碱酯酶（BChE）与代谢综合征（MetS）的危险因素有关。我们的目标是评估烟酰胺（NAM）对MetS模型中胆碱酯酶的活性，表达和蛋白质含量的影响。主要方法在给大鼠饮水40％果糖的雄性大鼠中诱导MetS达16周。此外，从第5周开始，在接下来的12周中，每天早上5h用NAM代替碳水化合物溶液。在第15周，进行葡萄糖耐量试验，并测量血压。治疗期结束后，进行生化分析；氧化应激 促炎标记 评估胆碱酯酶的活性，数量和表达，然后进行分子对接分析。主要发现MetS组表现出人体测量学，血液动力学和生化改变，胆碱酯酶活性，炎症和应激标志物增加。在肝脏中，胆碱酯酶活性和mRNA，游离脂肪酸，肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS）含量升高，而谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量降低。NAM会部分或完全降低MetS，压力和炎症标志物以及胆碱酯酶的活性（血清和肝脏）和表达（肝脏）的危险因素。分子对接分析表明，NAM对胆碱酯酶的亲和力比乙酰胆碱（ACh）高，这表明NAM是胆碱酯酶的抑制剂。具有40％果糖诱导的MetS的重要补充，这增加了胆碱酯酶的活性和表达，氧化应激和炎症。NAM减弱了这些MetS诱导的胆碱酯酶的改变和变化。