Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is often poorly responsive to antifungal treatment; secondary infections increase morbidity/mortality, particularly in progressive cases. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) has been implicated in not only Aspergillus control but also bacterial clearance. Clinical notes of patients with CPA treated with IFNγ (2011–2018) were retrospectively hand-searched. In patients treated for >12 months (n=20), the frequency of acute exacerbation reduced from 3.1 to 1.4 episodes/year (p=0.006) in the 12 months after treatment initiation compared with the 12 months before. A significant reduction in the frequency of hospital admissions/year was also observed (0.8 to 0.3, p=0.04). These findings support further prospective studies.

中文翻译：

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干扰素γ替代疗法作为慢性肺曲霉病的抢救疗法：对急性加重频率和全因住院率的影响

慢性肺曲霉病 (CPA) 通常对抗真菌治疗反应不佳；继发感染会增加发病率/死亡率，特别是在进行性病例中。干扰素γ (IFNγ) 不仅与曲霉菌控制有关，而且与细菌清除有关。对接受 IFNγ 治疗的 CPA 患者（2011-2018 年）的临床记录进行了手工检索。在治疗时间超过 12 个月的患者 (n=20) 中，与治疗前 12 个月相比，治疗开始后 12 个月内急性加重的频率从 3.1 次/年降低至 1.4 次/年 (p=0.006)。还观察到每年入院频率显着降低（0.8 至 0.3，p=0.04）。这些发现支持进一步的前瞻性研究。