Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are known to modulate immunity. To date, a plethora of studies have reported the effect of EPSs on intestinal cells; however few works have revealed a complete picture of the signalling events in intestinal epithelial cells induced by bacterial EPSs. Here, using transcriptomics, we comprehensively mapped the biological processes in porcine intestinal epithelial cells challenged with EPS derived from Lactobacillus reuteri alone, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) or ETEC after pretreatment with EPS. The Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that ETEC is able to evoke biological processes specifically involved in cell junction reorganization, extracellular matrix degradation, and activation of the innate immune response through the activation of pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs and CTRs. A total of 495 DEGs were induced in ETEC-challenged cells. On the other hand, EPS pretreatment was able to attenuate overexpression of the genes induced by ETEC infection. The most relevant finding of this study is that EPS has a suppressive effect on the inflammatory response evoked by ETEC infection. On the basis of high-throughput RNA-seq, this report is the first to describe the effects of EPSs derived from L. reuteri used as a pretreatment of global gene expression in porcine epithelial cells.

中文翻译：

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用罗伊氏乳杆菌衍生的胞外多糖预处理的猪肠上皮细胞对大肠杆菌感染的细胞反应的全面作图

已知细菌胞外多糖（EPS）调节免疫力。迄今为止，大量研究报告了EPS对肠道细胞的作用。然而，很少有工作能够揭示细菌EPS诱导的肠上皮细胞中信号传导事件的完整情况。在这里，我们使用转录组学方法，对经过单独EPS处理的猪肠道上皮细胞的生物学过程进行了全面的定位，这些细胞受到单独来自路透乳杆菌，肠毒素性大肠杆菌（ETEC）或ETEC的EPS的攻击。差异表达基因（DEG）的基因本体分析表明，ETEC能够唤起生物过程，这些过程特别涉及细胞连接重组，细胞外基质降解以及通过激活模式识别受体来激活先天免疫应答，例如TLR和CTR。在受ETEC攻击的细胞中共诱导495个DEG。另一方面，EPS预处理能够减弱ETEC感染诱导的基因的过表达。这项研究最相关的发现是EPS对ETEC感染引起的炎症反应具有抑制作用。在高通量RNA序列的基础上，本报告首次描述了源自罗伊氏乳杆菌的EPS的作用，该EPS用作猪上皮细胞中全局基因表达的预处理。