Environmental adaptation of crops is essential for reliable agricultural production and an important breeding objective. Genebanks provide genetic variation for the improvement of modern varieties, but the selection of suitable germplasm is frequently impeded by incomplete phenotypic data. We address this bottleneck by combining a Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) with core collection methodology to select soybean (Glycine max ) germplasm for Central European breeding from a collection of >17,000 accessions. By focussing on adaptation to high‐latitude cold regions, we selected an “environmental precore” of 3,663 accessions using environmental data and compared the Donor opulation of Environments (DPE) in Asia and the Target Population of Environments (TPE) in Central Europe in the present and 2070. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms, we reduced the precore into two diverse core collections of 183 and 366 accessions to serve as diversity panels for evaluation in the TPE. Genetic differentiation between precore and non‐precore accessions revealed genomic regions that control maturity, and novel candidate loci for environmental adaptation, demonstrating the potential of diversity panels for studying adaptation. Objective‐driven core collections have the potential to increase germplasm utilization for abiotic adaptation by breeding for a rapidly changing climate, or de novo adaptation of crops to expand cultivation ranges.

中文翻译：

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结合种质的重点鉴定和核心收集策略来鉴定中欧大豆育种的基因库种质。


作物的环境适应对于可靠的农业生产和重要的育种目标至关重要。基因库为现代品种的改良提供遗传变异，但合适种质的选择常常因不完整的表型数据而受到阻碍。我们通过将种质重点鉴定策略(FIGS) 与核心种质方法相结合来解决这一瓶颈，从超过 17,000 个种质中选择用于中欧育种的大豆 ( Glycine max ) 种质。通过关注对高纬度寒冷地区的适应，我们利用环境数据选择了 3,663 个种质的“环境预核心”，并比较了亚洲的环境捐赠者群体（DPE）和中欧的环境目标群体（TPE）。现在和 2070。使用单核苷酸多态性，我们将前核心减少为 183 和 366 种质的两个不同的核心集合，作为 TPE 中评估的多样性面板。前核心和非前核心种质之间的遗传分化揭示了控制成熟的基因组区域以及环境适应的新候选基因座，证明了多样性组用于研究适应的潜力。目标驱动的核心种质有潜力通过针对快速变化的气候进行育种来提高种质利用率，以实现非生物适应，或者通过对作物进行从头适应来扩大种植范围。