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Camouflage accuracy in Sahara-Sahel desert rodents
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-13 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13225
Ossi Nokelainen 1 , José Carlos Brito 2 , Nicholas E Scott-Samuel 3 , Janne K Valkonen 1 , Zbyszek Boratyński 2
Affiliation  

Camouflage helps animals to hide from predators and is therefore key to survival. Although widespread convergence of animal phenotypes to their natural environment is well established, there is a lack of knowledge about how species compromise camouflage accuracy across different background types in their habitat. Here we tested how background matching has responded to top-down selection by avian and mammalian predators using Sahara-Sahel desert rodents in North Africa. We show that the fur coloration of several species has become an accurate match to different types of desert habitats. This is supported by a correlation analysis of colour and pattern metrics, investigation of animal-to-background similarities at different spatial scales, and is confirmed by modelling of two predator vision systems. The background match was closest across large (or global) spatial scales, suggesting a generalist camouflage tactic for many background types. Some species, may have a better match to the background over small (or focal) spatial scales, which could be the result of habitat choices or differential predation. Nevertheless, predicted discrimination distances of fur coloration were virtually indistinguishable for mammalian and low for avian vision model, which implies effective camouflage. Our study provides one of the best documented cases of multilevel camouflage accuracy in geographically widespread taxa. We conclude that background matching has become an effective and common adaptation against predatory threat in Sahara-Sahelian desert rodents.

中文翻译:

撒哈拉-萨赫勒沙漠啮齿动物的伪装准确性

伪装有助于动物躲避捕食者,因此是生存的关键。尽管动物表型与其自然环境的广泛融合已经确立,但仍缺乏关于物种如何影响其栖息地不同背景类型伪装准确性的知识。在这里,我们使用北非的撒哈拉-萨赫勒沙漠啮齿动物测试了背景匹配如何响应鸟类和哺乳动物捕食者自上而下的选择。我们表明,几种物种的毛皮颜色已成为与不同类型沙漠栖息地的准确匹配。这得到了颜色和图案度量的相关分析、不同空间尺度上动物与背景相似性的调查的支持,并通过两个捕食者视觉系统的建模得到了证实。背景匹配在大(或全局)空间尺度上最接近,表明许多背景类型的通用伪装策略。某些物种可能在小(或焦点)空间尺度上与背景更匹配,这可能是栖息地选择或差异捕食的结果。尽管如此,预测的毛皮颜色区分距离对于哺乳动物来说几乎无法区分,而对于鸟类视觉模型来说则很低,这意味着有效的伪装。我们的研究提供了地理分布广泛的分类群中多级伪装准确性的最佳记录案例之一。我们得出结论,背景匹配已成为对撒哈拉-萨赫勒沙漠啮齿动物捕食威胁的有效且普遍的适应。某些物种可能在小(或焦点)空间尺度上与背景更匹配,这可能是栖息地选择或差异捕食的结果。尽管如此,预测的毛皮颜色区分距离对于哺乳动物来说几乎无法区分,而对于鸟类视觉模型来说则很低,这意味着有效的伪装。我们的研究提供了地理分布广泛的分类群中多级伪装准确性的最佳记录案例之一。我们得出结论,背景匹配已成为对撒哈拉-萨赫勒沙漠啮齿动物捕食威胁的有效且普遍的适应。某些物种可能在小(或焦点)空间尺度上与背景更匹配,这可能是栖息地选择或差异捕食的结果。尽管如此,预测的毛皮颜色区分距离对于哺乳动物来说几乎无法区分,而对于鸟类视觉模型来说则很低,这意味着有效的伪装。我们的研究提供了地理分布广泛的分类群中多级伪装准确性的最佳记录案例之一。我们得出结论,背景匹配已成为对撒哈拉-萨赫勒沙漠啮齿动物捕食威胁的有效且普遍的适应。预测的毛皮颜色区分距离对于哺乳动物几乎无法区分,而对于鸟类视觉模型则较低,这意味着有效的伪装。我们的研究提供了地理分布广泛的分类群中多级伪装准确性的最佳记录案例之一。我们得出结论,背景匹配已成为对撒哈拉-萨赫勒沙漠啮齿动物捕食威胁的有效且普遍的适应。预测的毛皮颜色区分距离对于哺乳动物几乎无法区分,而对于鸟类视觉模型则较低,这意味着有效的伪装。我们的研究提供了地理分布广泛的分类群中多级伪装准确性的最佳记录案例之一。我们得出结论,背景匹配已成为对撒哈拉-萨赫勒沙漠啮齿动物捕食威胁的有效且普遍的适应。
更新日期:2020-04-13
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