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Comparable space use by lions between hunting concessions and national parks in West Africa
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-30 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13601 Kirby L. Mills 1, 2 , Yahou Harissou 3 , Isaac T. Gnoumou 4 , Yaye I. Abdel‐Nasser 3 , Benoit Doamba 4 , Nyeema C. Harris 1
中文翻译：
狮子在西非狩猎区和国家公园之间的可比空间使用
更新日期：2020-03-30
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-30 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13601 Kirby L. Mills 1, 2 , Yahou Harissou 3 , Isaac T. Gnoumou 4 , Yaye I. Abdel‐Nasser 3 , Benoit Doamba 4 , Nyeema C. Harris 1
Affiliation
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- Spatially varied resources and threats govern the persistence of African lions across dynamic protected areas. An important precursor to effective conservation for lions requires assessing trade‐offs in space use due to heterogeneity in habitat, resources and human presence between national parks (NPs) and hunting areas, the dominant land‐use classifications across their range.
- We conducted a large camera survey in West Africa, encompassing three NPs and 11 hunting concessions (HCs) in Burkina Faso and Niger. This equates to half of the 26,500‐km2 transboundary W‐Arly‐Pendjari protected area complex. We combined occupancy and structural equation modelling to disentangle the relative effects of environmental, ecological and anthropogenic variables influencing space use of Critically Endangered lions across 21,430 trap‐nights from 2016 to 2018.
- National parks are intended to serve as refuges from human pressures, and thus we expect higher lion occupancy in NPs compared to neighbouring HCs. But because prey availability drove lion occupancy and was comparable between NPs and HCs, lions exhibited no spatial response to management type. Prey availability was primarily influenced by edge effects and natural water availability. Furthermore, water availability and habitat diversity were higher in HCs, possibly outweighing disturbances from higher human occupancy and road density and contributing to comparable lion space use between management types.
- Synthesis and applications. We found that lions exhibited no avoidance hunting concessions, despite higher human occupancy than in neighbouring national parks. This may be due to the lions’ heavy reliance on depleted prey populations and preferred habitat characteristics in hunting concessions. We offer potential management interventions to indirectly influence lion space use, such as enhancing water availability and reducing human disturbance at park edges. Our findings provide insight into lion habitat preferences in a system degraded by human pressures and prey depletion, aiding in the understanding of the management's role in the ecology and conservation of apex predators and hunted species.
中文翻译：
狮子在西非狩猎区和国家公园之间的可比空间使用
- 空间上多样的资源和威胁控制着非洲狮子在动态保护区中的生存。有效保护狮子的重要先兆是需要评估由于国家公园（NPs）和狩猎区之间栖息地，资源和人类存在的异质性而造成的空间使用权衡，这是整个范围内土地利用的主要分类。
- 我们在西非进行了一次大型相机调查，其中包括布基纳法索和尼日尔的三个NP和11个狩猎特许权（HC）。这相当于26,500 km 2越境W-Arly-Pendjari保护区综合体的一半。我们将占用率和结构方程模型结合起来，以弄清环境，生态和人为变量的相对影响，这些影响会在2016年至2018年的21,430个诱捕夜中对极度濒危狮子的空间使用产生影响。
- 国家公园旨在作为人类压力的避难所，因此与邻近的HC相比，我们预计NP中的狮子占用率更高。但是，由于猎物的可用性驱动了狮子的居住，并且在NP和HC之间具有可比性，因此狮子对管理类型没有空间反应。猎物的可利用性主要受到边缘效应和天然水可利用性的影响。此外，HCs的可用水量和生境多样性更高，可能超过了由于人类居住和道路密度增加而造成的干扰，并有助于在管理类型之间使用可比的狮子空间。
- 综合与应用。我们发现，尽管人的占有量比邻国的国家公园要大，但狮子并没有表现出回避狩猎的优惠。这可能是由于狮子严重依赖消耗的猎物种群以及狩猎特许权中偏爱的栖息地特征。我们提供潜在的管理干预措施来间接影响狮子的空间使用，例如提高水的可利用性并减少公园边缘的人为干扰。我们的发现提供了对由于人为压力和猎物消耗而退化的系统中的狮子栖息地偏好的洞察力，有助于理解管理者在先端捕食者和被捕食物种的生态和保护中的作用。
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