Diplotaxis erucoides and Erucaria hispanica are common weeds of the Mediterranean region; they infest various habitats including cultivated fields and roadsides. In several fields across Israel, farmers have reported on poor control of D. erucoides and E. hispanica plants using acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of various ALS inhibitors on plants from two potentially resistant D. erucoides and E. hispanica populations. Additionally, alternative management strategies using auxinic herbicides were studied. Plants from both populations exhibited resistance to all tested ALS inhibitors, up to 20-fold the label field rate, as compared with ALS sensitive populations of D. erucoides and E. hispanica. Sequencing of the ALS gene revealed Trp574 to Leu substitution in ALS-resistant D. erucoides plants, whereas a Pro197 to Ser substitution was detected in ALS-resistant E. hispanica plants. Although high levels of resistance were observed in individuals from both putative resistant populations, sensitive individuals were also detected, suggesting the evolution of resistance in these two populations is still in progress. Auxinic herbicides, 2,4-D, and mecoprop-P, provided excellent control of plants from both ALS-resistant populations. This study documents and confirms the first case of evolution of resistance to ALS inhibitors in D. erucoides and E. hispanica populations.

中文翻译：

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Diplotaxis erucoides和Erucaria hispanica对乙酰乳酸合酶抑制剂的目标位点抗性-抗性机制和对其他除草剂的响应

Diplotaxis erucoides和Erucaria hispanica是地中海地区的常见杂草。它们会感染各种栖息地，包括耕地和路边。在以色列的一些地区，农民报告称使用乙酰乳酸合酶（ALS）抑制剂对D. erucoides和E. hispanica植物的控制不力。进行了温室实验，以确定来自两种潜在抗药性D. erucoides和E. hispanica的各种ALS抑制剂对植物的影响。人口。此外，研究了使用生长素除草剂的替代管理策略。与D. erucoides和E. hispanica的ALS敏感种群相比，这两个种群的植物均表现出对所有测试ALS抑制剂的抗性，最高可达标记田间速率的20倍。ALS基因的测序显示，在抗ALS的D. erucoides植物中，Trp574被Leu取代，而在抗ALS的西班牙大肠埃希菌中检测到Pro197到Ser的取代。植物。尽管在两个推定的抗性人群中均观察到了高水平的抗性，但也检测到了敏感个体，这表明这两个人群中抗性的进化仍在进行中。2，4-D和Mecoprop-P等植物性除草剂为两种ALS抗性种群的植物提供了极好的控制。这项研究记录并证实了在D. erucoides和E. hispanica人群中对ALS抑制剂产生抗性的第一个案例。