Abstract

The literature on capacitive deionization (CDI) of water is discussed. The CDI is a new method of water desalination which consists of pumping water to be deionized between highly disperse carbon electrodes with a certain potential difference applied to these electrodes. The CDI is characterized by the lower expenditure of energy as compared with the other desalination methods. Different modifications of CDI are considered such as membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI), CDI with redox reactions on electrodes, and CDI with flow-through electrodes. The dependence of CDI on the porous structure of electrodes, the size of hydrated ions, the type of carbon used for electrodes, the electric double layer capacitance, the presence of functional groups, the wettability of electrodes, the pH, and other factors is considered. The problems of the production of pure drinking water and also of the degradation of electrodes are discussed. The use of CDI in practice is described.

中文翻译：

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电容式去离子水（综述）

摘要

讨论了有关水的电容去离子（CDI）的文献。CDI是一种新的水脱盐方法，包括在高度分散的碳电极之间泵送要去离子的水，并在这些电极上施加一定的电势差。与其他脱盐方法相比，CDI的特点是能耗更低。考虑了对CDI的不同修改，例如膜电容去离子（MCDI），在电极上进行氧化还原反应的CDI和在流通电极上进行的CDI。CDI对电极的多孔结构，水合离子的大小，电极所用碳的类型，双电层电容，官能团的存在，电极的可湿性，pH以及其他因素的依赖性。讨论了纯净饮用水的生产以及电极的降解问题。描述了CDI在实践中的使用。