The magnitude, frequency, and duration of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing worldwide, primarily due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. Prymnesium parvum is a euryhaline and eurythermal HAB forming species that has expanded throughout North America, resulting in massive fish kills. Previous aquatic ecology and toxicology efforts supported an understanding of conditions resulting in P. parvum HABs and fish kills; however, the primary endpoint selected for these studies was acute mortality. Whether adverse sublethal responses to P. parvum occur in fish are largely unknown. To begin to address this question, molecular and biochemical oxidative stress (OS) biomarker responses and photomotor behavioral alterations were investigated in two common fish models, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Varying nutrient and salinity conditions influenced P. parvum related OS biomarkers and fish behavioral responses in zebrafish and fathead minnows, which were heightened by nonoptimal conditions for P. parvum growth. Such sublethal observations present important considerations for future aquatic assessments and management of P. parvum HABs.

主要由于气候变化和人为活动，全球有害藻华（HAB）的数量，频率和持续时间在增加。小球藻（Pyrymium parvum）是形成乙型肝炎和乙型肝炎的HAB物种，已在整个北美扩展，导致大量鱼类死亡。先前的水生生态学和毒理学研究工作支持了对导致小菜蛾HAB和鱼类死亡的条件的理解；但是，这些研究选择的主要终点是急性死亡率。无论是不良反应致死至P.孢子虫在鱼类中发生的情况很大程度上未知。为了解决这个问题，我们在两种常见的鱼模型中研究了分子和生物化学氧化应激（OS）生物标志物的响应以及光动力行为的改变，这两种鱼是黑头min鱼（Pimephales promelas）和斑马鱼（Danio rerio）。不同的养分和盐分条件影响了斑节对虾相关OS生物标志物和斑马鱼和黑头fat鱼的鱼行为反应，非最优条件导致了斑节对虾的生长。这种亚致死性观察为今后水生小球藻HAB的水生评估和管理提出了重要考虑。