Bacterial pathogens have developed complex strategies to successfully survive and proliferate within their hosts. Throughout the infection cycle, direct interaction with host cells occurs. Many bacteria have been found to secrete proteins, such as effectors and toxins, directly into the host cell with the potential to interfere with cell regulatory processes, either enzymatically or through protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Short linear motifs (SLiMs) are abundant peptide modules in cell signaling proteins. Here, we cover the reported examples of eukaryotic-like SLiM mimicry being used by pathogenic bacteria to hijack host cell machinery and discuss how drugs targeting SLiM-regulated cell signaling networks are being evaluated for interference with bacterial infections. This emerging anti-infective opportunity may become an essential contributor to antibiotic replacement strategies.

中文翻译：

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细菌病原体对短线性基元的模仿：吸毒的机会。

细菌病原体已经开发出复杂的策略，可以在其宿主内成功存活和增殖。在整个感染周期中，与宿主细胞发生直接相互作用。已经发现许多细菌直接将蛋白质（例如效应子和毒素）分泌到宿主细胞中，可能会通过酶或通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）干扰细胞调节过程。短线性基序（SLiM）是细胞信号蛋白中丰富的肽模块。在这里，我们涵盖了致病细菌利用真核生物类似SLiM模仿物劫持宿主细胞机制的报道实例，并讨论了如何评估针对SLiM调控的细胞信号网络的药物对细菌感染的干扰。