While T cells play a critical role in protective immunity against infection, they are also responsible for graft rejection in the setting of transplantation. T cell differentiation is regulated by both intrinsic transcriptional pathways as well as extrinsic factors such as antigen encounter and the cytokine milieu. Herein, we review recent discoveries in the transcriptional regulation of T cell differentiation and their impact on the field of transplantation. Recent studies uncovering context-dependent differentiation programs that differ in the setting of infection or transplantation will also be discussed. Understanding the key transcriptional pathways that underlie T cell responses in transplantation has important clinical implications, including development of novel therapeutic agents to mitigate graft rejection.

中文翻译：

---

程序性T细胞分化：对移植的意义。

尽管T细胞在抵抗感染的保护性免疫中起着至关重要的作用，但它们也负责移植过程中的移植排斥。T细胞分化受内在的转录途径以及外在因素（如抗原遭遇和细胞因子环境）的调节。本文中，我们回顾了T细胞分化的转录调控及其对移植领域的影响的最新发现。最近的研究揭示了在感染或移植的环境上不同的上下文相关的分化程序。了解构成T细胞应答基础的关键转录途径具有重要的临床意义，包括开发新型治疗剂以减轻移植排斥。