Abstract The present paper describes the synthesis of nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets using microfluidization by celery seeds extract as a green reducing agent. The RGO/Ag nanocomposites were characterized using SEM, XRD, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, Zeta potential, EDX, AFM, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The average particle sizes of the Ag NPs were approximately determined to be 36.8, 28.4, and 20.9 nm via the stirred heater, ultrasonication and microfluidization method, respectively. The results revealed that ultra-small spherical Ag NPs with a narrow size distribution were stably dispersed on single-layered graphene nanosheets after 16 cycles of microfluidization. Therefore, it can be concluded that the celery seeds extract effectively acts as a green reducing agent as well as the capping agent. Moreover, the RGO/Ag nanocomposites exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against typical Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli). This study developed a sustainable, eco-friendly route for the fabrication of RGO/Ag nanocomposite using microfluidization technique that could be a promising antibacterial agent.

中文翻译：

---

RGO/Ag 的绿色合成：作为使用微流化生产均匀单分散纳米球的证据

摘要 本文描述了使用芹菜籽提取物作为绿色还原剂的微流化在还原氧化石墨烯 (RGO) 纳米片表面上合成具有银纳米粒子 (Ag NPs) 的纳米复合材料。使用 SEM、XRD、TEM、HRTEM、XPS、Zeta 电位、EDX、AFM 和 UV-Vis 光谱对 RGO/Ag 纳米复合材料进行表征。通过搅拌加热器、超声处理和微流化方法，Ag NPs 的平均粒径分别约为 36.8、28.4 和 20.9 nm。结果表明，经过 16 次微流化循环后，具有窄尺寸分布的超小球形 Ag NPs 稳定地分散在单层石墨烯纳米片上。所以，可以得出结论，芹菜籽提取物有效地充当绿色还原剂和封端剂。此外，RGO/Ag纳米复合材料对典型的革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠杆菌）表现出优异的抗菌活性。这项研究开发了一种可持续的、环保的路线，用于使用微流化技术制造 RGO/Ag 纳米复合材料，该技术可能是一种很有前途的抗菌剂。