An evidence-based understanding of factors influencing PPE use and pesticide safety practices has the benefit of facilitating the design of interventions to minimize exposure to pesticides and the promotion of the utilization of PPE and safety practices among agricultural pesticide handlers. The aim of this study, therefore, is to review the available literature on the use of PPE in agricultural pesticide handlers in world regions, and also the factors associated with the use of PPE and pesticide safety practices in farmers and farm workers. Full-text articles published on PubMed, Scopus, and ISI databases between 1999 and 2019 were reviewed and the scientific evidence was evaluated. One hundred and twenty-one articles were eligible for inclusion in this quantitative synthesis: 110 evaluated PPE use in agricultural pesticide handlers, and 23 focused on factors affecting PPE use and pesticide safety practices. Considerable evidence was found to show that the most basic PPE worn among pesticide handlers in all world regions was a long sleeve shirt (66.1%), long sleeve trousers (71.1%), and a hat (47.3%). The lowest basic PPE worn was an apron (8.6%), goggles (24.3%), gloves (40.5%), boots (42.3%), and mask (43.2%). The PPE worn (except for an apron) was proportionally higher in farmers than in farm workers. There is considerable evidence to suggest that the significant determinants associated with PPE use and pesticide safety practices are as follows: (1) demographic factors (i.e. education/literacy level, experience of illness, income); (2) farm structure factors (i.e. farm size); (3) behavioral and psychosocial factors (i.e. contact with pesticides, perceptions, attitudes, awareness, norms and beliefs); and (4) environmental factors (i.e. information about pesticides, access to extension services, training program, and farm organization). Therefore, there is a recognizable need for a life-long education program with training to change the perception and behavior of pesticide handlers sustainably.

中文翻译：

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影响个人防护设备使用和农药安全实践的因素：系统评价。

对影响 PPE 使用和农药安全实践的因素的循证理解有助于促进干预措施的设计，以尽量减少农药接触，并促进农业农药处理人员使用 PPE 和安全实践。因此，本研究的目的是回顾有关世界地区农药处理人员使用 PPE 的现有文献，以及与农民和农场工人使用 PPE 和农药安全实践相关的因素。审查了 1999 年至 2019 年间在 PubMed、Scopus 和 ISI 数据库上发表的全文文章，并评估了科学证据。121 篇文章有资格纳入此定量综合：110 篇评估了 PPE 在农药处理人员中的使用，和 23 个重点关注影响个人防护装备使用和农药安全实践的因素。大量证据表明，在世界所有地区，农药处理人员穿的最基本的 PPE 是长袖衬衫（66.1%）、长袖裤子（71.1%）和帽子（47.3%）。穿着最低的基本个人防护装备是围裙（8.6%）、护目镜（24.3%）、手套（40.5%）、靴子（42.3%）和口罩（43.2%）。农民穿戴的个人防护装备（围裙除外）比例高于农场工人。有大量证据表明，与 PPE 使用和农药安全实践相关的重要决定因素如下： (1) 人口因素（即教育/文化水平、疾病经历、收入）；（2）农场结构因素（即农场规模）；(3) 行为和心理社会因素（即接触杀虫剂、认知、态度、意识、规范和信念）；(4) 环境因素（即关于农药的信息、推广服务的可及性、培训计划和农场组织）。因此，人们认识到需要一项终身教育计划，通过培训来可持续地改变农药处理者的观念和行为。