Workers in the waste sorting industry are exposed to diverse bioaerosols. Characterization of these bioaerosols is necessary to more accurately assess the health risks of exposure. The use of high-throughput DNA sequencing for improved analysis of microbial composition of bioaerosols, in combination with their in vitro study in relevant cell cultures, represents an important opportunity to find answers on the biological effects of bioaerosols. This study aimed to characterize by high-throughput sequencing the biodiversity present in complex aerosol mixtures retained in forklift air conditioning filters of a waste-sorting industry and its effects on cytotoxicity and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro using human macrophages derived from monocytic THP-1 cells. Seventeen filters from the filtration system from forklifts operating in one waste sorting facility and one control filter (similar filter without prior use) were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and toxicological tests in vitro. A trend of positive correlation was seen between the number of bacterial and fungal OTUs (r = 0.47, p = 0.06). Seven filters (39%) exhibited low or moderate cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). The highest cytotoxic responses had a reduction in cell viability between 17 and 22%. Filter samples evoked proinflammatory responses, especially the production of TNFα. No significant correlation was found between fungal richness and inflammatory responses in vitro. The data obtained stress the need of thorough exposure assessment in waste-sorting industry and to take immunomodulatory properties into consideration for bioaerosols hazard characterization. The broad spectrum of microbial contamination detected in this study demonstrates that adequate monitoring of bioaerosol exposure is necessary to evaluate and minimize risks. The combined techniques can support the implementation of effective environmental monitoring programs of public and occupational health importance.

中文翻译：

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废物分类对环境微生物组，THP-1细胞活力和炎症反应的影响。

废物分类行业的工人暴露于多种生物气溶胶中。这些生物气溶胶的表征对于更准确地评估暴露的健康风险是必要的。高通量DNA测序技术用于改进对生物气溶胶微生物组成的分析，结合其在相关细胞培养物中的体外研究，代表了寻找有关生物气溶胶生物学效应的重要机会。这项研究旨在通过高通量测序来表征废物分类行业叉车空调过滤器中保留的复杂气溶胶混合物中存在的生物多样性，以及其对源自单核细胞THP-1的人类巨噬细胞在体外的细胞毒性和促炎性细胞因子分泌的影响。细胞。使用高通量测序和体外毒理学分析，分析了在一个废物分类设施中运行的叉车过滤系统中的十七个过滤器和一个对照过滤器（未经使用的类似过滤器）。细菌和真菌OTU的数量之间存在正相关的趋势（r = 0.47，p = 0.06）。七个滤膜（39％）显示出低或中等的细胞毒性（p <0.05）。最高的细胞毒性反应使细胞活力降低了17％至22％。过滤样品引起促炎反应，尤其是TNFα的产生。在真菌丰富度与体外炎症反应之间未发现显着相关性。获得的数据强调了废物分类行业中需要进行全面暴露评估的需求，并需要考虑免疫调节特性以表征生物气溶胶危害。在这项研究中检测到的广泛的微生物污染表明，对生物气溶胶暴露进行充分的监测对于评估和最小化风险是必要的。结合起来的技术可以支持实施对公众和职业健康具有重要意义的有效环境监测计划。