Polyurethane (PU) offers advantageous physical and chemical properties for the fabrication of smart electronic sensing devices through the selection of suitable raw materials, structural modification, varying the soft and hard segments, changing the NCO:OH ratio, nanofiller dispersion, and chemical functionalization. Over the past few decades, PU has attracted attention as a valuable replacement for conventional diagnostic tools due to its rapid sensing capacity and high selectivity. Structurally and chemically modified PU has been shown to influence the performance of constructed sensors, although PU is mainly used to immobilize sensing components. In the present review, we explore the applicability of PU to the production of various types of biosensors. Definitions of biosensors and a general overview of PU are presented and sensing mechanisms and synthesis approaches are detailed. Modern design trends, performance features and future prospects of various PU-based biosensors are also discussed.

聚氨酯（PU）通过选择合适的原材料，进行结构修改，改变软硬部分，改变NCO：OH比，纳米填料分散和化学功能化，为智能电子传感设备的制造提供了有利的物理和化学特性。在过去的几十年中，PU由于其快速的感应能力和高选择性而作为常规诊断工具的有价值的替代品引起了人们的注意。尽管PU主要用于固定感测组件，但已显示经过结构和化学修饰的PU会影响所构造传感器的性能。在本文中，我们探讨了聚氨酯在生产各种类型的生物传感器中的适用性。介绍了生物传感器的定义和PU的概述，并详细介绍了传感机制和合成方法。还讨论了各种基于PU的生物传感器的现代设计趋势，性能特征和未来前景。