Biomarkers of oxidative stress are generally measured in blood and its derivatives. However, the invasiveness of blood collection makes the monitoring of such chemicals during exercise not feasible. Saliva analysis is an interesting approach in sport medicine because the collection procedure is easy-to-use and does not require specially-trained personnel. These features guarantee the collection of multiple samples from the same subject in a short span of time, thus allowing the monitoring of the subject before, during and after physical tests, training or competitions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of following the changes in the concentration of some oxidative stress markers in saliva samples taken over time by athletes under exercise. To this purpose, ketones (i.e. acetone, 2-butanone and 2-pentanone), aldehydes (i.e. propanal, butanal, and hexanal), α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (i.e. acrolein and methacrolein) and di-carbonyls (i.e. glyoxal and methylglyoxal) were derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector. Prostaglandin E₂, F₂/E₂-isoprostanes, F₂-dihomo-isoprostanes, F₄-neuroprostanes, and F₂-dihomo-isofuranes were also determined by a reliable analytical procedure that combines micro-extraction by packed sorbent and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Overall the validation process showed that the methods have limits of detection in the range of units of ppb for carbonyls and tens to hundreds of ppt for isoprostanes and prostanoids, very good quantitative recoveries (90–110%) and intra- and inter-day precision lower than 15%. The proof of applicability of the proposed analytical approach was investigated by monitoring the selected markers of oxidative stress in ten swimmers performing a VO_2max cycle ergo meter test. The results highlighted a clear increase of salivary by-products of oxidative stress during exercise, whereas a sharp decrease, approaching baseline values, of these compounds was observed in the recovery phase. This study opens up a new approach in the evaluation of oxidative stress and its relation to aerobic activity.

通常在血液及其衍生物中测量氧化应激的生物标志物。然而，血液采集的侵入性使得在运动过程中监测此类化学物质不可行。唾液分析在运动医学中是一种有趣的方法，因为收集过程易于使用并且不需要经过专门培训的人员。这些功能可确保在短时间内从同一受试者采集多个样品，从而可以在身体检查，训练或比赛之前，期间和之后对受试者进行监控。这项工作的目的是评估运动后运动员随时间采集的唾液样本中某些氧化应激标志物浓度变化的可能性。为此，酮（即丙酮，2-丁酮和2-戊酮），醛（即 丙醛，丁醛和己醛），α，β-不饱和醛（即丙烯醛和甲基丙烯醛）和二羰基（即乙二醛和甲基乙二醛）用2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生化，并通过超高效液相色谱法测定二极管阵列检测器。前列腺素E₂，F ₂ / E _2-异前列腺素，F _2-二高异异前列腺素，F _4-神经前列腺素和F ₂还通过可靠的分析程序测定了双-二异-异呋喃化合物，该程序结合了通过填充吸附剂进行的微萃取和超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱法。总体而言，验证过程表明，该方法的检测限为羰基化合物的ppb单位范围，异前列腺素和类前列腺素的检测范围为数十至数百ppt，具有非常好的定量回收率（90–110％）以及日内和日间精度低于15％。通过监测十名进行VO _2max的游泳者的氧化应激选择标记，研究了所提出的分析方法的适用性。循环人体工学测试。结果强调了运动过程中唾液氧化应激唾液副产物的明显增加，而在恢复期则观察到这些化合物的急剧下降，接近基线值。这项研究开辟了一种新的方法来评估氧化应激及其与有氧活动的关系。