Abstract Combined heat and power systems are emerging in the market nowadays. Using renewable energy resources is an inspiring idea to make these systems more efficient and environmentally friendly. This study aims to present a combination of photovoltaic array, wind turbine, and diesel generator to produce electricity and heat with 100% reliability, simultaneously. Also, a battery storage system is considered to save the excess generated electricity and supply the unmet load when enough production is not available. A step-by-step procedure is introduced for modeling different configurations of the system. The Grey Wolf Optimization, as a heuristic search method, is applied to find the optimal size of the system components. The results show that in the optimum state, a 4.1 kW diesel generator supplies the electrical load along with about half of the thermal load. The remaining thermal demand is provided by natural gas. Also, it has the highest share of electricity production in autumn and winter. Moreover, a 4.7 kW battery storage system has been used to meet the load when the production capacity of the generator is not enough. This layout has zero loss of power supply and the minimum net present cost. The net present cost for this combination is about 187,000 Swiss Franc, considering the initial costs, maintenance costs, replacement costs, and fuel costs.

中文翻译：

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用于住宅建筑的带有储能的混合热电联产系统的优化尺寸和性能评估

摘要 目前，热电联产系统正在市场上兴起。使用可再生能源是一个鼓舞人心的想法，可以使这些系统更加高效和环保。本研究旨在展示光伏阵列、风力涡轮机和柴油发电机的组合，以 100% 的可靠性同时发电和供热。此外，电池存储系统被认为可以节省多余的发电量，并在没有足够的产量时供应未满足的负载。介绍了对系统的不同配置进行建模的分步过程。灰狼优化作为一种​​启发式搜索方法，用于寻找系统组件的最佳大小。结果表明，在最佳状态下，a 4。1 kW 柴油发电机提供电力负载以及大约一半的热负载。剩余的热需求由天然气提供。此外，它在秋季和冬季的电力生产份额最高。此外，还采用了4.7千瓦的电池储能系统，满足发电机产能不足时的负荷。这种布局具有零电源损耗和最小的净现成成本。考虑到初始成本、维护成本、更换成本和燃料成本，这种组合的当前净成本约为 187,000 瑞士法郎。7kW电池储能系统已用于满足发电机产能不足时的负载。这种布局具有零电源损耗和最小的净现成成本。考虑到初始成本、维护成本、更换成本和燃料成本，这种组合的当前净成本约为 187,000 瑞士法郎。7kW电池储能系统已用于满足发电机产能不足时的负载。这种布局具有零电源损耗和最小的净现成成本。考虑到初始成本、维护成本、更换成本和燃料成本，这种组合的当前净成本约为 187,000 瑞士法郎。