Abstract Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) offer several advantages that are accelerating the research and development effort. Recent advances include improved materials, new fabrication techniques and new designs, flow configurations and applications. Nevertheless, several factors are holding back large scale implementation of fuel cells, especially in distributed energy generation, a major one being their long response time to changing parameters. Whereas alternative mathematical models of the molten carbonate fuel cell stack have been developed over the last decade, there are no reported analyses of regarding the application of models for emergency scenarios such as fuel cell malfunctions. This paper presents the 0D model of MCFC, calibrated to the appropriate available experimental data. This study investigates a generic molten fuel cell stack with nominal power output of 1 kWel. As daily, weekly and monthly variations in the electrical power load are expected, there is a need to develop numerical tools to predict the unit’s performance with high accuracy. Hence, a fully physical dynamic model of an MCFC stack was developed and implemented in Aspen HYSYS 10 modeling software to enable predictive analysis of the dynamic response. The model is used to simulate a number of few malfunctions with 5 . 66% broken cells in the stack. Losses of performance are obtained, manifested by rising operating temperature and falling power output. Moreover, a number of emergency operation scenarios were investigated, such as sudden loss of electric load, fuel and oxidiant supply. The presented model exhibits high accuracy and accounts for thermal and electrochemical processes and parameters. The paper presents the methodology used in the study to analyze the sensitivity of key scenarios such as load changes and emergencies. Further functionality of the model, which was validated using real operating data, is discussed.

中文翻译：

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熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 1 kW 堆的动力学模型

摘要 熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 (MCFC) 具有多种优势，正在加速研究和开发工作。最近的进展包括改进的材料、新的制造技术和新的设计、流动配置和应用。然而，有几个因素阻碍了燃料电池的大规模实施，尤其是在分布式能源发电中，一个主要因素是它们对参数变化的响应时间长。尽管在过去十年中开发了熔融碳酸盐燃料电池堆的替代数学模型，但没有关于模型在燃料电池故障等紧急情况下的应用的报告分析。本文介绍了 MCFC 的 0D 模型，根据适当的可用实验数据进行了校准。本研究调查了标称功率输出为 1 kWel 的通用熔融燃料电池堆。由于预计电力负载每天、每周和每月都会发生变化，因此需要开发数值工具以高精度预测装置的性能。因此，在 Aspen HYSYS 10 建模软件中开发并实施了 MCFC 堆栈的完全物理动态模型，以实现动态响应的预测分析。该模型用于模拟一些带有 5 的故障。电池组中有 66% 的电池已损坏。性能下降，表现为工作温度升高和功率输出下降。此外，还调查了一些紧急操作场景，例如突然失去电力负荷、燃料和氧化剂供应。所提出的模型具有很高的准确性，并考虑了热和电化学过程和参数。本文介绍了研究中使用的方法来分析关键情景（如负载变化和紧急情况）的敏感性。讨论了使用真实操作数据验证的模型的进一步功能。