Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs/LTPs) that can transport various phospholipids across the membrane in vitro are widespread in the plant kingdom, and they play important roles in many biological processes that are closely related to plant growth and development. Recently, nsLTPs have been shown to respond to different forms of abiotic stresses. Despite the vital roles of nsLTPs in many plants, little is known about the nsLTPs in wheat. In this study, 330 nsLTP proteins were identified in wheat and they clustered into five types (1, 2, c, d, and g) by phylogenetic analysis with the nsLTPs from maize, Arabidopsis, and rice. The wheat nsLTPs of type d included three subtypes (d1, d2, and d3) and type g included seven subtypes (g1–g7). Genetic structure and motif pattern analyses showed that members of each type had similar structural composition. Moreover, GPI-anchors were found to exist in non-g type members from wheat for the first time. Chromosome mapping revealed that all five types were unevenly and unequally distributed on 21 chromosomes. Furthermore, gene duplication events contributed to the proliferation of the nsLTP genes. Large-scale data mining of RNA-seq data covering multiple growth stages and numerous stress treatments showed that the transcript levels of some of the nsLTP genes could be strongly induced by abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, indicating their potential roles in mediating the responses of the wheat plants to these abiotic stress conditions. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the nsLTP family members in wheat, and offer candidate nsLTP genes for further studies on their roles in stress resistance and potential for improving wheat breeding programs.

可以在体外跨膜转运各种磷脂的非特异性脂质转移蛋白（nsLTPs / LTPs）在植物界广泛存在，它们在与植物生长和发育密切相关的许多生物学过程中起着重要作用。最近，已证明nsLTPs对不同形式的非生物胁迫有反应。尽管nsLTP在许多植物中起着至关重要的作用，但对小麦中的nsLTP知之甚少。在这项研究中，在小麦中鉴定出330 nsLTP蛋白，并通过与玉米，拟南芥，玉米和玉米中的nsLTP进行系统发育分析，将它们分为五种类型（1、2，c，d和g）。和米饭。d型小麦nsLTPs包含三个亚型（d1，d2和d3），而g型包含七个亚型（g1-g7）。遗传结构和基序模式分析表明，每种类型的成员具有相似的结构组成。此外，首次发现小麦的非g型成员存在GPI锚。染色体作图显示，所有五种类型均不均匀且分布不均，分布在21条染色体上。此外，基因复制事件促进了nsLTP基因的增殖。涵盖多个生长阶段和大量胁迫处理的RNA-seq数据的大规模数据挖掘表明，某些nsLTP基因的转录水平可能受到非生物胁迫（包括干旱和盐分）的强烈诱导，表明它们在介导小麦植物对这些非生物胁迫条件的响应中的潜在作用。这些发现为了解小麦nsLTP家族成员提供了全面的见解，并为候选nsLTP基因提供了进一步的研究，以进一步研究其在胁迫抗性中的作用以及改善小麦育种计划的潜力。