In the North China Plain (NCP), soil deterioration threatens winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Although rotary tillage or plowing tillage are two methods commonly used in this region, research characterizing the effects of mixed tillage on soil characteristics and wheat yield has been limited. A fixed-site field trial was carried out during 2011–2016 to examine the impacts of three tillage practices (5-year rotary tillage with maize straw removal (RT); 5-year rotary tillage with maize straw return (RS); and annual RS and with a deep plowing interval of 2 years (RS/DS)) on soil characteristics and root distribution in the plough layer. Straw return significantly decreased soil bulk density, increased soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and SOC content, macro-aggregate proportion (R_0.25) and its stability in the plough layer. The RS/DS treatment significantly increased the SOC content, total nitrogen (TN), and root length density (RLD) in the 10–40 cm layer, and enhanced the proportion of RLD in the 20–30 and 30–40 cm layers. In the 20–30 and 30–40 cm layers, an increase in SOC and TN could lead to higher grain production than commensurate increases in the surface layer, resulting in a sustainable increase in grain yield from the RS/DS treatment. Thus, the RS/DS treatment could lead to high productivity of winter wheat by improving soil characteristics and root distribution at the deeper plough layer in the NCP.

在华北平原（NCP），土壤退化威胁着冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的生产。尽管旋耕或耕作耕作是该地区常用的两种方法，但表征混合耕作对土壤特性和小麦产量的影响的研究仍然有限。在2011-2016年期间进行了固定地点的田间试验，研究了三种耕作方式的影响（玉米秸秆去除（RT）的5年轮耕；玉米秸秆还田（RS）的5年轮耕；以及RS和2年的深耕间隔（RS / DS），以研究耕层的土壤特性和根系分布。秸秆还田显着降低了土壤容重，增加了土壤有机碳（SOC）的存储量和SOC含量，宏观集料比例（R _0.25））及其在犁层中的稳定性。RS / DS处理显着提高了10–40 cm层中的SOC含量，总氮（TN）和根长密度（RLD），并提高了20–30和30–40 cm层中RLD的比例。在20–30和30–40 cm层中，SOC和TN的增加可能会导致谷物产量高于表层的相应增加，从而导致RS / DS处理的谷物单产可持续增长。因此，RS / DS处理可通过改善NCP较深耕层的土壤特性和根系分布，从而提高冬小麦的生产力。