Smoke inhalation injury increases overall burn mortality by up to 20 times. Current therapy remains supportive with a failure to identify an optimal or targeted treatment protocol for smoke inhalation injury. The goal of this review is to describe emerging therapies that are being developed to treat the pulmonary pathology induced by smoke inhalation injury with or without concurrent burn injury. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed (1995–present) for therapies not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for smoke inhalation injury with or without concurrent burn injury. Therapies were divided based on therapeutic strategy. Models included inhalation alone with or without concurrent burn injury. Specific animal model, mechanism of action of medication, route of administration, therapeutic benefit, safety, mortality benefit, and efficacy were reviewed. Multiple potential therapies for smoke inhalation injury with or without burn injury are currently under investigation. These include stem cell therapy, anticoagulation therapy, selectin inhibition, inflammatory pathway modulation, superoxide and peroxynitrite decomposition, selective nitric oxide synthase inhibition, hydrogen sulfide, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition, proton pump inhibition, and targeted nanotherapies. While each of these approaches shows a potential therapeutic benefit to treating inhalation injury in animal models, further research including mortality benefit is needed to ensure safety and efficacy in humans. Multiple novel therapies currently under active investigation to treat smoke inhalation injury show promising results. Much research remains to be conducted before these emerging therapies can be translated to the clinical arena.

中文翻译：

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新兴的烟雾吸入疗法：综述。

烟雾吸入伤害可将总体烧伤死亡率提高多达20倍。当前的治疗仍然支持着烟气吸入性损伤的最佳或靶向治疗方案。这篇综述的目的是描述正在开发的新兴疗法，以治疗由烟吸入损伤引起的肺部病理，无论是否伴有烧伤。使用PubMed（1995年至今）对未经美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的有或没有并发烧伤的烟雾吸入性损伤的治疗方法进行了全面的文献检索。根据治疗策略对治疗进行划分。模型包括单独吸入，有或没有并发烧伤。特定动物模型，药物作用机理，给药途径，治疗益处，安全性，回顾了死亡率受益和疗效。目前正在研究有或没有烧伤的烟雾吸入损伤的多种潜在疗法。这些包括干细胞疗法，抗凝疗法，选择素抑制，炎性途径调节，超氧化物和过氧亚硝酸盐分解，选择性一氧化氮合酶抑制，硫化氢，HMG-CoA还原酶抑制，质子泵抑制和靶向纳米疗法。尽管这些方法均显示出对动物模型中吸入性损伤的潜在治疗益处，但仍需要进一步的研究，包括对死亡的益处，以确保对人体的安全性和有效性。目前正在积极研究中的多种新疗法可治疗烟雾吸入损伤，显示出令人鼓舞的结果。