Based on previous theoretical oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) models and most recently framework, as well as sociocultural model of body image dissatisfaction, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of individual (dental aesthetics and dental appearance social comparison) and sociocultural factors (social reinforcement from parents, peers and mass media on dental aesthetics) as well as their interaction on psychosocial dimension of OHRQoL among adolescent orthodontic patients. In this cross-sectional study comprising 427 adolescent orthodontic patients (151 boys and 276 girls) aged between 11 and 16 years old, the psychosocial dimension of OHRQoL was measured by Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire. Individual predictor of dental aesthetics was defined by the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, and dental appearance social comparison was assessed by four items adapted from Physical Appearance Comparison Scale. Sociocultural predictor of social reinforcement was measured by six items adapted from Perceived Sociocultural Pressure Scale. Spearman correlations, path analyses, and structural equation modeling were used to build up several predictive models. As hypothesized, two direct pathways were observed that patients’ dental aesthetics and all three sources of social reinforcement directly predicted the psychosocial dimension of OHRQoL. Meanwhile, we observed one indirect pathway, that three sources of social reinforcement predicted the psychosocial dimension of OHRQoL, in part, through dental appearance social comparison. This study provides preliminary evidence indicating that dental aesthetics, social reinforcement and dental appearance comparison are reliable predictors of psychosocial dimension of OHRQoL among adolescent orthodontic patients.

中文翻译：

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一种生物心理社会文化模型，用于了解青少年正畸患者口腔健康相关的生活质量。

基于先前理论上与口腔健康相关的生活质量（OHRQoL）模型和最新框架，以及身体图像不满意的社会文化模型，当前的研究旨在调查个人的影响（牙齿美学和牙齿外观社会比较）和社会文化因素（父母，同伴和大众媒体对牙齿美学的社会支持），以及青少年正畸患者中OHRQoL在社会心理层面的相互作用。在这项包括427名年龄在11至16岁之间的青少年正畸患者（151名男孩和276名女孩）的横断面研究中，通过牙科美学问卷的心理社会影响力来衡量OHRQoL的心理社会维度。牙齿美学的个体预测因素由正畸治疗需求指数的美学成分定义，牙齿外观的社会比较由从“物理外观比较量表”改编的四项评估。社会强化的社会文化预测因子是根据《感知的社会文化压力量表》改编的六个项目测得的。Spearman相关性，路径分析和结构方程模型被用来建立几个预测模型。如假设的那样，观察到两条直接途径，即患者的牙齿美学和所有三种社会强化源直接预测了OHRQoL的社会心理维度。同时，我们观察到一种间接途径，即社会强化的三种来源预测了OHRQoL的社会心理维度，部分原因是，通过牙齿外观的社会比较。这项研究提供了初步的证据，表明牙齿美感，社交能力的增强和牙齿外观的比较是青少年正畸患者中OHRQoL的社会心理维度的可靠预测指标。