In Vitro Toxicity and Chemical Characterization of Aerosol Derived from Electronic Cigarette Humectants Using a Newly Developed Exposure System.,Chemical Research in Toxicology

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In Vitro Toxicity and Chemical Characterization of Aerosol Derived from Electronic Cigarette Humectants Using a Newly Developed Exposure System.
Chemical Research in Toxicology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-30 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00490
Yael-Natalie H Escobar , Grace Nipp ₁ , Tianqu Cui ₁ , Sarah S Petters ₁ , Jason D Surratt ₁ , Ilona Jaspers

Affiliation

In the United States, the recent surge of electronic cigarette (e-cig) use has raised questions concerning the safety of these devices. This study seeks to assess the pro-inflammatory and cellular stress effects of the vaped humectants propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GLY) on airway epithelial cells (16HBE cells and differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells) with a newly developed aerosol exposure system. This system allows for chemical characterization of e-cig generated aerosol particles as well as in vitro exposures of 16HBE cells at an air–liquid interface to vaped PG and GLY aerosol. Our data demonstrate that the process of vaping results in the formation of PG- and GLY-derived oligomers in the aerosol particles. Our in vitro data demonstrate an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 levels in response to vaped PG and GLY exposures. Vaped GLY also causes an increase in cellular stress signals HMOX1, NQO1, and carbonylated proteins when the e-cig device is operated at high wattages. Additionally, we find that the exposure of vaped PG causes elevated IL-6 expression, while the exposure of vaped GLY increases HMOX1 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells when the device is operated at high wattages. These findings suggest that vaporizing PG and GLY results in the formation of novel compounds and the exposure of vaped PG and GLY are detrimental to airway cells. Since PG and/or GLY is universally contained in all e-cig liquids, we conclude that these components alone can cause harm to the airway epithelium.

中文翻译：

使用新开发的暴露系统对电子烟保湿剂产生的气溶胶进行体外毒性和化学表征。

在美国，最近电子烟 (e-cig) 使用量激增引发了人们对这些设备安全性的质疑。本研究旨在通过新开发的气雾暴露系统评估电子烟保湿剂丙二醇（PG）和甘油（GLY）对气道上皮细胞（16HBE 细胞和分化的人支气管上皮细胞）的促炎和细胞应激作用。该系统允许对电子烟产生的气溶胶颗粒进行化学表征，以及在气液界面处的 16HBE 细胞体外暴露于电子烟的 PG 和 GLY 气溶胶。我们的数据表明，电子烟的过程会导致气溶胶颗粒中形成 PG 和 GLY 衍生的低聚物。我们的体外数据表明，电子烟中的 PG 和 GLY 暴露会导致促炎细胞因子 IL-6 和 IL-8 水平增加。当电子烟设备在高瓦数下运行时，电子烟 GLY 还会导致细胞应激信号 HMOX1、NQO1 和羰基化蛋白质增加。此外，我们发现，当设备在高瓦数下运行时，接触电子烟的 PG 会导致 IL-6 表达升高，而接触电子烟的 GLY 会增加人支气管上皮细胞中 HMOX1 的表达。这些发现表明，蒸发 PG 和 GLY 会导致新化合物的形成，并且暴露于蒸发的 PG 和 GLY 对气道细胞有害。由于所有电子烟液体中普遍含有 PG 和/或 GLY，因此我们得出结论，仅这些成分就会对气道上皮造成伤害。

更新日期：2020-03-30

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