Incorporating climate change adaptation into marine protected area planning.,Global Change Biology

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Incorporating climate change adaptation into marine protected area planning.
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-19 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15094
Kristen L Wilson ₁ , Derek P Tittensor _{1,

2} , Boris Worm ₁ , Heike K Lotze ₁

Affiliation

Climate change is increasingly impacting marine protected areas (MPAs) and MPA networks, yet adaptation strategies are rarely incorporated into MPA design and management plans according to the primary scientific literature. Here we review the state of knowledge for adapting existing and future MPAs to climate change and synthesize case studies (n = 27) of how marine conservation planning can respond to shifting environmental conditions. First, we derive a generalized conservation planning framework based on five published frameworks that incorporate climate change adaptation to inform MPA design. We then summarize examples from the scientific literature to assess how conservation goals were defined, vulnerability assessments performed and adaptation strategies incorporated into the design and management of existing or new MPAs. Our analysis revealed that 82% of real-world examples of climate change adaptation in MPA planning derive from tropical reefs, highlighting the need for research in other ecosystems and habitat types. We found contrasting recommendations for adaptation strategies at the planning stage, either focusing only on climate refugia, or aiming for representative protection of areas encompassing the full range of expected climate change impacts. Recommendations for MPA management were more unified and focused on adaptative management approaches. Lastly, we evaluate common barriers to adopting climate change adaptation strategies based on reviewing studies which conducted interviews with MPA managers and other conservation practitioners. This highlights a lack of scientific studies evaluating different adaptation strategies and shortcomings in current governance structures as two major barriers, and we discuss how these could be overcome. Our review provides a comprehensive synthesis of planning frameworks, case studies, adaptation strategies and management actions which can inform a more coordinated global effort to adapt existing and future MPA networks to continued climate change.

中文翻译：

将适应气候变化纳入海洋保护区规划。

气候变化对海洋保护区（MPA）和MPA网络的影响越来越大，但根据主要的科学文献，适应策略很少纳入MPA设计和管理计划中。在这里，我们回顾了使现有的和将来的MPA适应气候变化的知识状态，并综合了案例研究（n = 27），这些案例研究了海洋保护规划如何应对不断变化的环境条件。首先，我们基于五个已发布的框架得出了一个广义的保护规划框架，该框架结合了气候变化适应性以为MPA设计提供信息。然后，我们总结来自科学文献的示例，以评估如何定义保护目标，进行脆弱性评估以及将适应策略纳入现有或新MPA的设计和管理中。我们的分析表明，MPA规划中现实世界中有82％的气候变化适应实例来自热带珊瑚礁，这突出说明了对其他生态系统和栖息地类型进行研究的必要性。我们在规划阶段发现了针对适应策略的不同建议，这些建议要么仅关注气候避难所，要么旨在对包括预期的气候变化影响的全部区域进行代表性保护。对MPA管理的建议更加统一，并侧重于适应性管理方法。最后，我们根据对MPA经理和其他保护从业人员进行访谈的回顾研究，评估了采用气候变化适应策略的常见障碍。这突显了缺乏科学研究来评估不同的适应策略和当前治理结构中的缺点是两个主要障碍，我们讨论了如何克服这些障碍。我们的审查提供了规划框架，案例研究，适应策略和管理措施的全面综合，可以为全球做出更加协调的努力，以使现有和未来的MPA网络适应持续的气候变化。

更新日期：2020-03-27

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