In recent decades, many emerging infectious diseases have been occurring at an increasing scale and frequency—i.e. Ebola virus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian and pandemic influenza, Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the recently emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The outbreaks of these diseases resulted in wide ranging socioeconomic consequences, including loss of lives and disruption to trade and travel. Preparedness is a crucial investment because its cost is small compared with the unmitigated impact of a health emergency. The financing gap for preparedness, estimated at US$4·5 billion per year, is miniscule compared with estimated pandemic costs of $570 billion per year.^, 

中文翻译：

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城市环境中的流行病防范：新的挑战和机遇。

在最近的几十年中，许多新兴的传染病以越来越大的规模和频率发生，例如埃博拉病毒病，严重急性呼吸道综合症（SARS），禽流感和大流行性流感，中东呼吸综合症（MERS）和最近出现的冠状病毒疾病2019（COVID-19）。这些疾病的爆发导致广泛的社会经济后果，包括生命损失和贸易和旅行中断。防备是一项至关重要的投资，因为与突发卫生事件的巨大影响相比，防备成本很小。每年的防备资金缺口估计为4·50亿美元，而每年的大流行估算费用为5700亿美元。^，