Timber extraction is one of the most difficult work stages of forest operations in Turkey. Inappropriately, planned timber extraction operations can be very time-consuming activities and may also cause serious damage to residual trees, saplings, and forest soil. Thus, an optimal timber extraction method should be determined considering both economic and ecological constraints. In this study, commonly implemented timber extraction methods including chute system, portable winch, and farm tractor were evaluated with respect to their productivity and potential damages on residual trees. In the solution process, one of the well-known multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), was used to determine optimal timber extraction planning of priority scenarios. Specific timber extraction methods were identified and evaluated based on slope, volume, and distance criteria. A total of five priority scenarios were examined: (1) optimal extraction with the highest productivity, (2) optimal extraction with the lowest stand damage, (3) productivity and stand damage receive equal importance, (4) productivity is more important than stand damage, and (5) stand damage is more important than productivity. The AHP results indicated that the optimal timber extraction method was the farm tractor winching with 30 m skidding distance in Scenario I. On the other hand, the portable winch with 20 m skidding distance was found to be the optimal method with the least stand damage. In Scenario III, the portable winch, with an average skidding distance of 40 m, was found to be the most suitable extraction method. The overall results indicated that implementing MCDA techniques for optimal planning of timber extraction will help provide important contributions to conduct economic, environmental, and site-specific operations during logging stages.

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使用层次分析法优化木材提取方法的规划

木材开采是土耳其森林作业中最困难的工作阶段之一。不恰当地，有计划的木材采伐作业可能是非常耗时的活动，还可能对残留的树木、树苗和森林土壤造成严重破坏。因此，应考虑经济和生态约束来确定最佳木材提取方法。在这项研究中，对常用的木材提取方法（包括斜槽系统、便携式绞车和农用拖拉机）的生产力和对残留树木的潜在损害进行了评估。在求解过程中，众所周知的多标准决策分析 (MCDA) 技术之一，层次分析法 (AHP)，用于确定优先场景的最佳木材开采计划。根据坡度、体积和距离标准确定和评估了特定的木材提取方法。总共检查了五个优先场景：（1）具有最高生产力的最佳开采，（2）具有最低林分损害的最佳开采，（3）生产力和林分损害同等重要，（4）生产力比林分更重要(5) 支架损坏比生产力更重要。层次分析结果表明，情景 I 中最佳的木材提取方法是农用拖拉机绞车，滑移距离为 30 m。另一方面，移动绞车的滑移距离为 20 m，被认为是对支架损坏最小的最佳方法。在场景三中，平均滑行距离为 40 m 的便携式绞车被认为是最合适的提取方法。