The idea that universities should become entrepreneurial, commercialized, private commodities or should serve politicians and governmental agencies has been promoted by the university–industry–government relationship-based Triple Helix approach and is reality in many places. In contrast, a reemphasis on universities serving the public good has been demanded by proponents of transdisciplinary sustainability research. To better understand the tensions between public-good–oriented approaches of transdisciplinarity and entrepreneurial, market-oriented Triple Helix and third-mission approaches of science—practice collaboration, this paper takes a closer look at the history of universities’ roles and functions. We then elucidate the practice of transdisciplinary processes and discuss the “science for and with society” approach of transdisciplinary sustainable transitioning. We argue that transdisciplinarity for producing groundbreaking sociotechnical solutions has to serve (a) the public good and (b) calls for independence, academic freedom, institutionalization, and proper funding schemes. Third-mission conceptions that follow the commercialization/capitalization of scientific knowledge are in conflict with the conception of science and of transdisciplinarity serving sustainable transitioning. The development of groundbreaking ideas for sustainable transitions must acknowledge the complexity and contextualization of real-world settings. Therefore, collaboration between practice and transdisciplinarity calls for the input and cooperation of authentic practitioners, i.e., the experts of practice and real wold complexity. The challenge of transdisciplinarity is to properly relate the fundamental expertise of practice to validated academic rigor. This implies that transdisciplinary research is a critical element of the university’s research mission.

中文翻译：

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跨学科性：根据大学的作用和职能为社会提供科学服务

大学应该成为企业家，商业化的私人商品，或者应该服务于政客和政府机构的想法已经由基于大学，产业，政府关系的三重螺旋方法提倡，并且在许多地方已经成为现实。相反，跨学科可持续性研究的支持者要求重新强调大学为公共利益服务。为了更好地理解以公共物品为导向的跨学科方法与以企业为导向，以市场为导向的“三重螺旋”与科学与实践合作的第三使命方法之间的张力，本文仔细研究了大学角色和职能的历史。然后，我们阐明了跨学科过程的实践，并讨论了跨学科可持续转型的“科学与社会”的方法。我们认为，产生突破性的社会技术解决方案的跨学科性必须服务于（a）公共利益，并且（b）要求独立，学术自由，制度化和适当的资助计划。遵循科学知识的商业化/资本化的第三任务构想与科学构想和跨学科的概念相冲突，这些构想为可持续的转型提供了帮助。为实现可持续转型而开创性的想法的发展必须认识到现实环境的复杂性和环境。因此，实践与跨学科之间的合作需要真正的实践者（即实践和真正的复杂性专家）的投入和合作。跨学科性的挑战是将实践的基本专业知识与经过验证的学术严谨性恰当地联系起来。这意味着跨学科研究是大学研究任务的关键要素。