The removal of environmental pollutants through adsorption by nanomaterials or nanocomposites has attracted great attention over the past few decades. In this work, a novel strategy that combined with Diels-Alder (DA) and multicomponent reactions has been developed to fabricate carbon nanotubes (CNT) based polymer composites and their potential utilization for removal of rare earth ions from wastewater. First, the amino groups were introduced on the CNT through the DA reaction between CNT and furfurylamine. The obtained amino group-terminating CNT composites (named as CNT-FFA) were further conjugated with the polymers through Kabachnik–Fields (KF) reaction. To evidence the successful fabrication of these CNT based polymer composites, a variety of characterization methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were used to measure the chemical structure, compositions and thermal stability of CNT based polymer composites. Furthermore, a series of adsorption experiments were implemented to explore the influence of contact time, temperature, initial concentration and pH for adsorption behavior. The results demonstrated that the adsorption capability of resultant CNT based composites (CNT-FFA-PAA) towards Eu³⁺ ions is about 130.8 mg g⁻¹, which is much greater than that of pristine CNT (46.67 mg g⁻¹). The above results demonstrated that the method described in this work is a facile and effective tool for fabrication of functional CNT polymer composites, which possess promising prospects for environmental adsorption applications. More importantly, this method in this work could be generally applied in the surface modification of other materials for various applications.

在过去的几十年中，通过纳米材料或纳米复合材料的吸附去除环境污染物引起了极大的关注。在这项工作中，已开发出一种与Diels-Alder（DA）和多组分反应相结合的新颖策略，以制造基于碳纳米管（CNT）的聚合物复合材料及其潜在用途，可从废水中去除稀土离子。首先，通过CNT与糠胺之间的DA反应将氨基引入到CNT上。通过Kabachnik-Fields（KF）反应，将获得的氨基端基CNT复合材料（称为CNT-FFA）与聚合物进一步共轭。为了证明这些CNT基聚合物复合材料的成功制造，可以使用多种表征方法，例如傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR），透射电子显微镜（TEM），热重分析（TGA）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）用于测量CNT基聚合物复合材料的化学结构，组成和热稳定性。此外，进行了一系列的吸附实验，以探索接触时间，温度，初始浓度和pH对吸附行为的影响。结果表明，所得CNT基复合材料（CNT-FFA-PAA）对Eu的吸附能力 初始浓度和pH值用于吸附行为。结果表明，所得CNT基复合材料（CNT-FFA-PAA）对Eu的吸附能力 初始浓度和pH值用于吸附行为。结果表明，所得CNT基复合材料（CNT-FFA-PAA）对Eu的吸附能力³⁺离子约为130.8 mg g ^-1，比原始CNT（46.67 mg g ^-1）大得多。以上结果表明，该工作中描述的方法是一种用于制造功能性CNT聚合物复合材料的简便有效的工具，对于环境吸附应用具有广阔的前景。更重要的是，这项工作中的这种方法通常可以应用于其他材料的表面改性，以用于各种应用。