Anaerobically digested slurry (ADS) has been widely used as a liquid fertilizer in agroecosystems. However, there is scant information on the effects of successive ADS applications on heavy metals (HMs) accumulation and fungal community composition in paddy soils. In this study, we conducted a field experiment over 10 years to assess the changes in soil HMs and fungal community composition under the long-term application of ADS in a paddy field. The four treatments were (1) no fertilizer (CK); (2) mineral fertilizer and 270 kg N ha⁻¹ from urea (MF); (3) 270 kg N ha⁻¹ from ADS (ADS1); and (4) 540 kg N ha⁻¹ from ADS (ADS2). The results revealed that ADS application improved paddy soil fertility compared to that under the MF treatment by increasing soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN) and available potassium (AK). Long-term application of ADS significantly increased soil total and available Zn (TZn and AZn) concentrations as compared to those under the MF treatment. However, there were no significant differences in the total and available Cu concentrations or the total Pb concentration between the ADS and MF treatments. Sequence analysis showed that application of ADS increased the fungal richness indexes (Chao1 and ACE) compared to MF treatment. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the soil fungal community compositions were significantly separated by high levels of ADS application. Long-term application of ADS increased the relative abundance of classes Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes and Agaricomycetes by 20.8–29.0%, 107.3–141.4% and 289.5–387.5%, respectively, but decreased that of Pezizomycetes by 14.0–33.0% compared to that under the MF treatment. At the genus level, compared to those under the MF treatment, the relative abundances of Pyrenochaetopsis and Myrothecium were significantly increased by the application of ADS, but those of Mrakia and Tetracladium were significantly decreased. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that SOC, AZn and AP were the three most important factors affecting the fungal community composition of the paddy soil. Our findings suggested that fungal community composition could be affected by changes in the chemical properties and heavy metal contents of paddy soil under high application of ADS in the long term.

厌氧消化浆液（ADS）已被广泛用作农业生态系统中的液体肥料。但是，有关连续ADS施用对稻田土壤中重金属（HMs）积累和真菌群落组成影响的信息很少。在这项研究中，我们进行了为期10年的田间试验，以评估在稻田中长期使用ADS时土壤HMs和真菌群落组成的变化。四种处理方法是（1）不施肥（CK）；（2）矿物肥料和尿素（MF）产生的270 kg N ha ^-1；（3）270千克N ha ^-1来自ADS（ADS1）；和（4）540千克N ha ^-1来自ADS（ADS2）。结果表明，与MF处理相比，ADS的施用通过增加土壤有机碳（SOC），总氮（TN）和有效钾（AK）改善了水稻土壤肥力。与MF处理相比，长期施用ADS显着增加了土壤总量和有效锌（TZn和AZn）浓度。但是，ADS和MF处理之间的总和有效铜浓度或总Pb浓度没有显着差异。序列分析表明，与MF处理相比，ADS的使用增加了真菌的丰富指数（Chao1和ACE）。主坐标分析（PCoA）表明，高水平的ADS施用可显着分离土壤真菌群落组成。粪壳菌纲，座囊菌纲和伞菌分别20.8-29.0％，107.3-141.4％和289.5-387.5％，但降低了其的盘菌纲相比，在MF治疗下由14.0-33.0％。在属水平上，与MF处理相比，应用ADS显着增加了肾上腺皮质激素和Myrothecium的相对丰度，但Mrakia和Tetracladium的相对丰度却大大提高了。明显减少。冗余分析（RDA）表明，SOC，AZn和AP是影响稻田土壤真菌群落组成的三个最重要因素。我们的发现表明，在长期大量施用ADS的情况下，水稻土的化学特性和重金属含量的变化可能会影响真菌群落的组成。