Nanoparticles and antibiotics, the two most frequently detected emerging pollutants from different wastewater sources, are eventually discharged into wastewater treatment plants. In this study, the widely used materials CuNPs and oxytetracycline (OTC) were selected as target pollutants to investigate their joint effects on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). The results indicated that the environmental concentration slightly inhibited the performance of the reactors, while the performance rapidly deteriorated within a week under high-level combined shocks (5.0 mg L^-1 CuNPs and 2.0 mg L^-1 OTC). After the second shock (2.5 mg L^-1 CuNPs and 2.0 mg L^-1 OTC), the resistance of anammox bacteria was enhanced, with an elevated relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia and absolute abundance of hzsA, nirS, and hdh. Moreover, the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content and specific anammox activity (SAA) showed corresponding changes. Improved sludge resistance was observed with increasing CuNP and OTC doses, which accelerated the recovery of performance.

纳米颗粒和抗生素是两种最常见的来自不同废水源的新兴污染物，最终被排放到废水处理厂。在这项研究中，选择了广泛使用的材料CuNPs和土霉素（OTC）作为目标污染物，以研究它们对厌氧铵氧化（anammox）的联合影响。结果表明，环境浓度对反应堆的性能有轻微的抑制作用，而在高水平的复合电击（5.0 mg L ^-1 CuNPs和2.0 mg L ^-1 OTC）下，性能在一周内迅速下降。第二次电击后（2.5 mg L ^-1 CuNPs和2.0 mg L ^-1OTC），厌氧氨氧化细菌的耐药性增强，具有升高的相对丰度暂定Kuenenia和绝对丰度的HZS A，NIR S，和HDH。此外，细胞外聚合物（EPS）含量和特定的厌氧氨氧化活性（SAA）表现出相应的变化。观察到随着CuNP和OTC剂量的增加，污泥抗性得到改善，从而加速了性能的恢复。