Abstract Using patterns of belowground biodiversity to predict ecological functions and to manage productivity has been a longstanding objective for agronomists and ecologists. However, inconsistent associations between microbial diversity and fertilization have been found in frequency, which can be partly due to the dilution effect of immense silent species in microbial communities. Therefore, we studied the responding pool of the microbial communities, which was determined by filtering out taxa that did not vary significantly between fertilization treatments and the control. With responding species, we hypothesized that the difference of microbial response to different fertilization regimes and between bacterial and fungal response to treatments can be enlarged. In this study, bacterial and fungal community compositions and networks were characterized from soils with chemical fertilization (F), the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic residues (MRF) and without fertilization (Control) in a 7-year experiment located at the Fengqiu Agroecological Experimental Station. As a result, >90% of the phyla, 75% of the genera and 92% of the OTUs were silent microbes. When filtering out these species, 9 phyla, 88 genera and 185 OTUs of bacteria responded significantly to the MRF treatment compared with those of the Control with an average abundance variation of 0.06% in responding OTUs. In contrast, only 2 phyla, 9 genera and 30 OTUs of bacteria significantly responded to the F treatment with an average amplitude of 0.11%. The higher connectedness and the lower average geodesic distance under the MRF treatment showed a more connective and closer bacterial network compared with the F treatment. Similar but stronger responses were detected in the fungal community composition and networks. To conclude, combined fertilization exerted a moderate impact on many microbial taxa (MM pattern), and chemical fertilization showed a substantial effect on a small amount of taxa (SS pattern). It was further inferred that a variation of the “MM” pattern can result in a more stable, harmonious and efficient ecosystem via maintenance of microbial diversity, stimulation of beneficial species, and exhibition of a more efficient microbial network. Our study showed explicit patterns of microbial communities under fertilization regimes revealed by responding species and highlighted the advantages of combined fertilization with organic matter in agroecosystems.

中文翻译：

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响应物种揭示的两种施肥方式下微生物群落组成变化的不同模式

摘要 利用地下生物多样性的模式来预测生态功能和管理生产力一直是农学家和生态学家的长期目标。然而，在频率上发现微生物多样性和受精之间不一致的关联，这可能部分是由于微生物群落中大量沉默物种的稀释效应。因此，我们研究了微生物群落的响应池，这是通过过滤掉施肥处理和对照之间没有显着差异的分类群来确定的。对于响应物种，我们假设微生物对不同施肥方案的反应以及细菌和真菌对处理的反应之间的差异可以扩大。在这项研究中，在封丘农业生态试验站进行的为期 7 年的试验中，对施肥（F）、化肥和有机残留物（MRF）联合施用（MRF）和不施肥（对照）土壤的细菌和真菌群落组成和网络进行了表征。结果，> 90% 的门、75% 的属和 92% 的 OTU 是沉默的微生物。当过滤掉这些物种时，与对照组相比，细菌的 9 个门、88 个属和 185 个 OTU 对 MRF 处理有显着响应，响应 OTU 的平均丰度变化为 0.06%。相比之下，只有 2 个门、9 个属和 30 个 OTU 的细菌对 F 处理有显着响应，平均幅度为 0.11%。与 F 处理相比，MRF 处理下更高的连通性和更低的平均测地距离显示出更紧密和更紧密的细菌网络。在真菌群落组成和网络中检测到类似但更强的反应。总之，复合施肥对许多微生物类群（MM模式）产生了中等影响，化学施肥对少量分类群（SS模式）显示出实质性影响。进一步推断，“MM”模式的变化可以通过维持微生物多样性、刺激有益物种和展示更有效的微生物网络来产生更稳定、和谐和高效的生态系统。