Abstract Floating solar technology (FPV) emergence is driven by lack of available land, loss of efficiency at high operating cell temperature, energy security and decarbonization targets. It is a promising area of solar photovoltaic application, with a large global market potential. A significant challenge when assessing FPV projects is the lack of a suitable simulation tools for estimating the electricity production. A clear understanding and quantification of the cooling effect, how it differs between different FPV technologies, is still unclear among the industry. As the sector grows, larger projects will emerge, which require financing. Ensuring bankability is fundamental, thus having confidence in the energy estimates is key. Using PVsyst® to estimate electricity production of FV plants ensures bankability but has limitations. This work aimed to close the gap between the expected enhanced performance highlighted in the literature for FPV systems and the results from numerical simulations of energy production performed with PVsyst®. Results show that the increase in production from FPV technologies is below the anticipated values of the literature (ca. 10%), ranging from 0.31% to 2.59%, depending on the floating solar technology. Based on the results presented, higher performance is strongly dependent on technology and the location. The values of the levelized cost of energy ranged between 96.2 €/MWh to 50.3 €/MWh, depending on the technology and the solar irradiation that reaches the site.

中文翻译：

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评估不同浮动太阳能技术的潜力——不同案例研究的概述和分析

摘要 浮动太阳能技术 (FPV) 的出现是由于缺乏可用土地、高运行电池温度下的效率损失、能源安全和脱碳目标。它是太阳能光伏应用的一个很有前景的领域，具有巨大的全球市场潜力。评估 FPV 项目时的一个重大挑战是缺乏用于估算发电量的合适模拟工具。对冷却效果的清晰理解和量化，不同 FPV 技术之间的差异，在行业中仍不清楚。随着该行业的发展，将出现需要融资的更大项目。确保可融资性是基础，因此对能源估算有信心是关键。使用 PVsyst® 估算 FV 电厂的发电量可确保可融资性，但存在局限性。这项工作旨在缩小 FPV 系统文献中强调的预期增强性能与使用 PVsyst® 进行的能源生产数值模拟结果之间的差距。结果表明，FPV 技术的产量增长低于文献的预期值（约 10%），范围从 0.31% 到 2.59%，具体取决于浮动太阳能技术。根据所提供的结果，更高的性能在很大程度上取决于技术和位置。能源的平准化成本在 96.2 欧元/兆瓦时至 50.3 欧元/兆瓦时之间，具体取决于技术和到达现场的太阳辐射。