Abstract Wilt is currently the most critical disease affecting blackberry crops in Mexico, and more than 2,500 ha have been lost to the disease to date. Thus, the objectives of this research were: a) to determine the etiology of blackberry crop wilt in Mexico and b) to evaluate strategies for season-long integrated disease management. From 2013 to 2015, fungal isolates were recovered from the vascular tissue of symptomatic blackberry plants cv ‘Tupy.’ Morphological features were determined, and phylogenetic identification of the fungal isolates was performed by amplifying and sequencing the partial translation elongation factor (TEF-1 alpha) gene. Pathogenicity tests were completed in the greenhouse on 6-month-old blackberry plants from the same cultivar. Thirteen disease management programs consisting of fungicides, biocontrol agents, and plant resistance inducers were evaluated during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons in a commercial plot with 30% disease incidence. The results of this study suggest that blackberry wilt in Mexico is caused by a new lineage in the F. oxysporum species complex. In the two crop seasons, the programs with the most consistent effect on the reduction of disease intensity were based on sequential applications of the microbial soil inoculant Maya Magic®. Also, those that started with 2 or 3 applications of prochloraz or difenoconazole followed with biweekly applications of the biostimulant Kendal Nem®. These results indicate the feasibility of using soil microbial inoculants and the integration of technologies for the season-long management of epidemics caused by F. oxysporum in infected commercial blackberry crops.

中文翻译：

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对由尖孢镰刀菌新谱系引起的黑莓镰刀菌枯萎病的全季管理评估

摘要 枯萎病是目前影响墨西哥黑莓作物的最严重的病害，迄今为止，该病害已造成超过 2,500 公顷的损失。因此，本研究的目标是：a) 确定墨西哥黑莓作物枯萎病的病因和 b) 评估季节性综合疾病管理策略。从 2013 年到 2015 年，从有症状的黑莓植物 cv 'Tupy' 的维管组织中回收了真菌分离物。确定了形态特征，并通过对部分翻译延伸因子 (TEF-1 α) 基因进行扩增和测序来进行真菌分离物的系统发育鉴定。在温室中对来自同一品种的 6 个月大的黑莓植物进行了致病性测试。包括杀菌剂、生物防治剂、和植物抗性诱导剂在 2014-2015 和 2015-2016 生长季节期间在疾病发生率为 30% 的商业地块中进行了评估。这项研究的结果表明，墨西哥的黑莓枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌物种复合体中的一个新谱系引起的。在两个作物季节，对降低病害强度效果最一致的计划是基于微生物土壤接种剂 Maya Magic® 的连续应用。此外，那些开始使用 2 或 3 次丙氯灵或苯醚甲环唑的患者随后每两周使用一次生物刺激剂 Kendal Nem®。这些结果表明使用土壤微生物接种剂和技术整合对受感染的商业黑莓作物中由尖孢镰刀菌引起的流行病进行季节性管理的可行性。