Abstract To solve the problem of a limited number of units in multiwinding transformer topology(MWTT) equalization, a new type of voltage equalization topology between modules is proposed in this paper. On the basis of the voltage equalization topology between cells, an additional winding for voltage equalization between modules is added, and a power switching device is connected in series with the additional winding. The driving signal of the power device is the same as that of the power device for voltage equalization between cells. Using circuit modelling for the MWTT, the variation law of the equalizing current during a high level of pulse width modulation(PWM) is obtained. As a result, the balanced voltage is approximately equal to the average value of the initial voltage of each series unit. The individual voltage converges to the balanced voltage value in an exponential form, and the estimation formula of the balanced time is given. The proposed topology is validated by both simulation and experiment. The results show that this voltage equalization topology can achieve voltage balancing between cells and modules. The balancing effect is ideal, and it has the characteristics of high reliability, fast balancing speed and simple control.

中文翻译：

---

基于多绕组变压器的多个超级电容器模块间均压研究

摘要 针对多绕组变压器拓扑(MWTT)均衡中单元数量有限的问题，提出了一种新型的模块间电压均衡拓扑。在电池间电压均衡拓扑的基础上，增加了用于模块间电压均衡的附加绕组，并在附加绕组上串联了功率开关器件。功率器件的驱动信号与用于电池间电压均衡的功率器件的驱动信号相同。利用MWTT的电路建模，得到了高电平脉宽调制(PWM)时均衡电流的变化规律。结果，平衡电压大约等于每个串联单元初始电压的平均值。个体电压以指数形式收敛于平衡电压值，给出平衡时间的估计公式。所提出的拓扑结构经过仿真和实验验证。结果表明，这种电压均衡拓扑可以实现电池和模块之间的电压平衡。平衡效果理想，具有可靠性高、平衡速度快、控制简单等特点。