During operation of large prismatic lithium-ion batteries, temperature heterogeneities are aggravated which affect the performance, lifetime and safety of the cells and packs. Therefore, an accurate model to predict the evolution of temperature profiles in a cell is essential for effective thermal management. In this paper, a pseudo 3D coupled multi-node electro-thermal model is presented for real-time prediction of the heterogeneous temperature field evolution on the surface and inside the battery. The model consists of two parts: a heat generation model based on a second-order equivalent-circuit model and a multi-node heat transfer model based on the battery geometry. Three types of nodes are adopted to describe the thermal characteristics of various components of the cell. Simulation results show that the proposed model has a great consistency with finite element method, and its computational cost is reduced by 90%. The validity of the coupled electrical and thermal model is also demonstrated experimentally for a 105 Ah prismatic cell applying wide ranges of temperature and SOC. The maximum error is less than 2 K throughout the cycles. The proposed model holds a great potential for online temperature estimation in advanced lithium-ion battery thermal management system design.

在大型棱柱形锂离子电池运行期间，温度异质性会加剧，从而影响电池和电池组的性能，寿命和安全性。因此，预测电池中温度曲线演变的精确模型对于有效的热管理至关重要。本文提出了一种伪3D耦合多节点电热模型，用于实时预测电池表面和内部的异质温度场演化。该模型由两部分组成：基于二阶等效电路模型的生热模型和基于电池几何形状的多节点传热模型。采用三种类型的节点来描述电池各个组件的热特性。仿真结果表明，该模型与有限元方法具有很好的一致性，计算量减少了90％。还通过实验证明了适用于广泛温度和SOC的105 Ah方形电池的电热耦合模型的有效性。在整个循环中，最大误差小于2K。所提出的模型在先进的锂离子电池热管理系统设计中具有在线估算温度的巨大潜力。