We demonstrated and investigated, both theoretically and experimentally, the transformation of cylindrical vector beams with an embedded phase singularity under the condition of focusing perpendicularly to the axis of the anisotropic calcite crystal. Theoretical and numerical analysis, performed on the basis of decomposing the light field into a set of plane waves for an anisotropic medium, allowed us to study the dependence of the structural transformation of the initial laser beam on the polarisation and phase state in detail. The proposed approach allows one to perform the visual recognition of cylindrically-polarised vector beams of various orders and can be used for the demultiplexing of information channels in the case of polarisation-division multiplexing. The experimentally-obtained results agree with the theoretical findings and demonstrate the reliability of the approach.

我们在理论和实验上论证和研究了在垂直于各向异性方解石晶体轴聚焦的条件下具有嵌入相奇异性的圆柱矢量光束的转变。在将光场分解为各向异性介质的一组平面波的基础上进行的理论和数值分析，使我们能够详细研究初始激光束的结构变换对偏振和相态的依赖性。所提出的方法允许人们执行各种阶数的圆柱偏振矢量光束的视觉识别，并且在偏振分割复用的情况下可以用于信息信道的解复用。