In the last few decades, the number of targeted chemotherapies approved for cancer treatment and undergoing clinical trials has risen. In comparison to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapies (TTs) act on specific molecular targets involved in cancer development and progression, with reduced detrimental effects to normal tissues. TTs have now been recognised as key treatments in a number of common cancers, including solid tumours and haematological malignancies. The number of patients undergoing novel cancer treatment will continue to increase, and a significant population will likely present to the dental environment. This paper aims to provide an insight into TTs currently available, including monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors and hedgehog pathway inhibitors. The mechanisms of action, indications for use and how to identify the medications will be summarised. Dental implications of these novel therapies include medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, delayed healing, immunosuppression and thrombocytopenia. These will be discussed to ensure oral healthcare providers are aware of their impact in a dental setting.

在过去的几十年中，批准用于癌症治疗并进行临床试验的靶向化学疗法的数量有所增加。与常规化学疗法相比，靶向疗法（TTs）作用于与癌症发展和进程有关的特定分子靶标，从而减少了对正常组织的有害作用。现在，TT已被认为是许多常见癌症的关键治疗方法，包括实体瘤和血液系统恶性肿瘤。接受新型癌症治疗的患者数量将继续增加，并且有可能出现大量牙齿疾病。本文旨在深入了解目前可用的TT，包括单克隆抗体，融合蛋白，酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂，雷帕霉素抑制剂的哺乳动物靶点，磷酸肌醇3-激酶抑制剂，蛋白酶体抑制剂和刺猬蛋白途径抑制剂。将总结作用机理，使用适应症以及如何识别药物。这些新疗法对牙科的影响包括与药物相关的颌骨坏死，延迟愈合，免疫抑制和血小板减少症。将讨论这些内容，以确保口腔保健提供者了解他们在牙科环境中的影响。