Abiotic stresses are the prime coercion to sustainable crop production in changing climate scenario. Heat and drought stresses at reproductive as well as vegetative stages of rice cause extensive reduction in its yield. Being a multifunctional amino acid, proline is being used to diminish numerous biotic and abiotic stresses of plants. A pot experiment was conducted in summer season 2018, to check the effectiveness of foliar applied proline in mitigating the concurrent effects of heat and drought stresses on rice, at greenhouse/screenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Experiment was carried out under completely randomized design with split arrangement having three replications. Stress was imposed at anthesis with treatments viz. drought stress, heat stress and heat plus drought stress as a main factor, and various levels of exogenously applied proline viz. no proline/water spray, 10, 20 and 30 mM concentrations were maintained as subfactor. A control (no stress imposed) was upheld for comparison. Stress treatments: drought, heat and heat plus drought stress at anthesis stage depressed the production of antioxidants, osmoprotectants and chlorophyll contents while causing overproduction of malondialdehyde content. Exogenous proline application upregulated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), total soluble proteins (TSP), leaf proline and glycine betaine contents and diminution in lipid peroxidation resulting into improvement in chlorophyll contents and eventually yield per plant. Concurrent heat and drought stresses were more perilous as compared to individually applied heat or drought stress and 30 mM proline application gave maximum alleviation against stress.

中文翻译：

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应用脯氨酸对水稻生化引发的耐热和干旱胁迫耐受性研究

在不断变化的气候情景中，非生物胁迫是对可持续作物生产的主要胁迫。水稻生殖和营养阶段的高温和干旱胁迫导致其产量大幅下降。作为一种多功能氨基酸，脯氨酸被用来减少植物的许多生物和非生物胁迫。2018 年夏季，在巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德农业大学农业学院温室/棚屋进行了盆栽试验，以检查叶面施用脯氨酸在减轻热和干旱胁迫对水稻的同时影响方面的有效性。实验在完全随机化的设计下进行，分裂排列具有三个重复。压力是在花期施加的治疗，即。干旱胁迫、热胁迫和高温加干旱胁迫为主要因素，以及各种水平的外源性脯氨酸，即。没有脯氨酸/水喷雾，维持 10、20 和 30 mM 浓度作为子因子。维持对照（未施加压力）用于比较。胁迫处理：开花期干旱、高温和高温加上干旱胁迫抑制了抗氧化剂、渗透保护剂和叶绿素含量的产生，同时导致丙二醛含量的过量产生。外源性脯氨酸应用上调超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、总可溶性蛋白 (TSP)、叶脯氨酸和甘氨酸甜菜碱含量的活性以及脂质过氧化作用的减少，从而导致叶绿素含量的提高并最终导致每单位产量植物。