Abstract

The tribological performance of Ti–29Nb–14Ta–4.5Zr alloy against Ti–6Al–4V ELI was investigated for the mild condition, emphasized on the superficial changes and changes underneath the wear track. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that TiO₂, Nb₂O, Ta₂O and Zr₂O oxides aggregated to form a protective tribo-layer, which effectively prevented further superficial damages. Development of fine-grain layer and the occurrence of phase transformation of β → α’’/ω were characterized as the main wear-induced evolution of the subsurface layer. The wear-induced transformation increases the hardenability of the subsurface layer, effectively support the worn surface and prevent premature cracking. These phenomenal evolutions were led to a simultaneous increase in the strength and ductility and subsequently wear loss reduction in comparison to the Ti64 ELI.

Graphic Abstract

摘要

在温和条件下，研究了Ti–29Nb–14Ta–4.5Zr合金对Ti–6Al–4V ELI的摩擦学性能，重点是表面变化和磨损轨迹下的变化。X射线光电子能谱的结果表明，TiO ₂，Nb ₂ O，Ta ₂ O和Zr ₂O氧化物聚集形成保护性摩擦层，有效防止了进一步的表面损伤。细粒层的发展和β→α''/ω的相变的发生被表征为主要的磨损引起的地下层的演化。磨损引起的相变增加了地下层的淬透性，有效地支撑了磨损的表面并防止了过早的开裂。与Ti64 ELI相比，这些惊人的演变导致强度和延展性同时提高，从而减少了磨损损失。

图形摘要