Magnesium is an important element that has essential roles in the regulation of cell growth, division, and differentiation. Mounting evidence in the literature suggests an association between hypomagnesemia and all-cause mortality. In addition, epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a diet poor in magnesium increases the risk of developing cancer, highlighting its importance in the field of hematology and oncology. In solid malignancies, hypomagnesemia at diagnosis portends a worse prognosis. However, little is known about prognosis in patients with hypomagnesemia and blood cancers in general; lymphoma more specifically. Hypomagnesemia has been associated with a higher viral load of the Epstein Barr virus, a virus associated with a multitude of hematologic malignancies. The role of magnesium in the immune system has been further elucidated in studies of patients with a rare primary immunodeficiency known as XMEN disease (X-linked immunodeficiency with Magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and Neoplasia disease). These patients have a mutation in the MAGT1 gene, which codes for a magnesium transporter. The mutation leads to impaired T cell activation and an increased risk of developing hematologic malignancies. In this review we discuss the relevance of magnesium as an electrolyte, current measurement techniques, and the known data related to cause and prognosis of blood cancers. The goal is to use these data to stimulate additional high-quality and well powered studies to further investigate the role of magnesium in preventing cancer and improving outcomes of patients with malignancy and concomitant magnesium deficiency.

镁是重要的元素，在调节细胞生长，分裂和分化中具有重要作用。文献中越来越多的证据表明低镁血症与全因死亡率之间存在关联。此外，流行病学研究表明，饮食中镁含量低会增加罹患癌症的风险，从而突出了其在血液学和肿瘤学领域的重要性。在实体恶性肿瘤中，低镁血症在诊断时预示更差的预后。然而，对低镁血症和血液癌症患者的预后知之甚少。淋巴瘤更具体。低镁血症与爱泼斯坦巴尔病毒的病毒载量较高有关，爱泼斯坦巴尔病毒与多种血液系统恶性肿瘤有关。镁在免疫系统中的作用已在对罕见的原发性免疫缺陷症（称为XMEN疾病）（患有镁缺陷的X连锁免疫缺陷症，爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）感染和瘤形成性疾病）的患者的研究中得到进一步阐明。这些患者的MAGT1基因，其编码镁转运蛋白。这种突变导致受损的T细胞活化和血液系统恶性肿瘤发展的风险增加。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了镁作为电解质的重要性，当前的测量技术以及与血液癌的病因和预后有关的已知数据。目的是利用这些数据来激发更多高质量且功能强大的研究，以进一步研究镁在预防癌症和改善恶性肿瘤并发镁缺乏症患者的结局中的作用。