After its initial development, the nervous system matures to connect and shape the neuronal circuitry and to keep it functional in humans for decades. Here we conceptualize neuronal maturation as a research field that will have, we would argue, a strong impact on understanding the healthy and diseased nervous system. Identifying the key mechanisms underlying neuronal maturation has the potential to reverse this process in adulthood, thereby facilitating regeneration.

中文翻译：

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神经元成熟：新兴领域的挑战与机遇

在最初的发育之后，神经系统逐渐成熟以连接和塑造神经元回路，并在人体中保持其功能数十年。在这里，我们将神经元成熟概念化为一个研究领域，我们认为，这将对理解健康和患病的神经系统产生强烈影响。确定神经元成熟的关键机制有可能在成年期逆转这一过程，从而促进再生。